UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K
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| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31 , 2022
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-32961
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(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||||||||
(216 ) 447-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
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Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | |||||||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued the audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the last sales price of such common stock as of the closing of trading on June 30, 2022, was approximately $2.00 billion.
The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock is 50,380,328 as of February 17, 2023.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
CBIZ, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022
Table of Contents
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“the Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K including, without limitation, “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” regarding our financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives for future performance are forward-looking statements. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements are commonly identified by the use of such terms and phrases as “will,” “could,” “can,” “may,” “strive,” “hope,” “intend,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “expect,” “project,” “anticipate,” “outlook,” “foreseeable future,” “seek” and words or phrases of similar import in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these include statements relating to future actions, future performance or results of current and anticipated services, sales efforts, expenses, and financial results.
From time to time, we may also provide oral or written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any other public statements that we make, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such forward-looking statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions we might make or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Many factors mentioned in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” will be important in determining future results. Should one or more of these risks or assumptions materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected.
Consequently, no forward-looking statement can be guaranteed. Our actual future results may vary materially, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in the quarterly, periodic and annual reports we file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Also note that we provide cautionary discussion of risks, uncertainties and possibly inaccurate assumptions relevant to our businesses as discussed in Item 1 and Item 1A. These are factors that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results. Other factors besides those described here could also adversely affect operating or financial performance.
The following text is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more detailed information and consolidated financial statements (including the notes thereto) appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “CBIZ” or the “Company” shall mean CBIZ, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All references to years, unless otherwise noted, refer to our fiscal year which ends on December 31.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
CBIZ, Inc. is a leading national provider of financial, insurance and advisory services designed to help our clients and their businesses grow and succeed. Founded on the simple idea that growing businesses of all sizes wanted and needed access to best in class professional services with a personalized, local approach, CBIZ is now one of the largest accounting, insurance brokerage, financial and advisory services providers in the country. Over 27 years, CBIZ has grown to a team of more than 6,500 professionals working through more than 120 offices located in 33 states and the District of Columbia. Shares of our common stock are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “CBZ.”
Business Strategy
Since our founding in 1996, CBIZ set out to build a company that would provide a breadth of services and depth of expertise that is unmatched in our industries to assist our clients' with their most pressing needs and greatest opportunities. CBIZ pursued this vision by establishing a national platform of core services that our clients rely on to support their day-to-day business. Our core services include accounting, tax, government health care consulting, employee benefits, property and casualty insurance, payroll, human capital management, retirement plan services and a host of similar services. Over time, CBIZ strengthened this model by adding advisory services that help our clients with specialized needs they may have from time to time. These services include financial advisory, transaction advisory, risk advisory, valuation, technical accounting, litigation support, preparation for IPO, actuarial, executive search and compensation consulting services. This combination of the core essential services our clients rely on us to provide on a regular basis and the more specialized advisory services that our clients need from time to time are fundamental to our ability to perform well in both favorable and less favorable business climates.
Acquisitions are a key part of our growth strategy. We pursue acquisitions to: enter attractive geographic markets, strengthen our presence in an existing market, add services or deepen our expertise for our existing offerings, expand into higher growth industries and service niches and access top talent. We seek to acquire the most highly regarded, best in class financial, insurance, and advisory firms that demonstrate a desire for a greater national platform and enhanced client service capabilities, possess strong leadership, cultural fit and a client base with cross-serving potential.
Available Information - Our principal executive office is located at 6801 Brecksville Road, Door N, Independence, Ohio 44131, and our telephone number is (216) 447-9000. Our website is located at https://www.cbiz.com. We make available, free of charge on our website, through our investor relations page, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we file (or furnish) such reports with the SEC. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet Website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information about us at https://www.sec.gov. Our corporate code of conduct and ethics and the charters of the Audit Committee, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board of Directors are available on the investor relations page of our website, referenced above, and in print to any shareholder who requests them.
Business Services - We deliver our services through the following three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services, and National Practices. A general description of the services provided by each practice group is presented in the table below.
| Financial Services | Benefits and Insurance Services | National Practices | ||||||||||||
| Accounting and Tax | Employee Benefits Consulting | Information Technology Managed Networking and Hardware Services | ||||||||||||
| Financial Advisory | Payroll / Human Capital Management | Healthcare Consulting | ||||||||||||
| Valuation | Property and Casualty Insurance | |||||||||||||
| Risk and Advisory Services | Retirement and Investment Services | |||||||||||||
| Government Healthcare Consulting | ||||||||||||||
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Financial Services
Financial Services is comprised of core accounting services including traditional accounting, tax compliance, advisory, and specialty services, like transaction and risk advisory services, litigation support, valuation, and federal and state government health care compliance and consulting. The leader of each service line reports to the President of Financial Services.
Restrictions imposed by independence requirements and state accountancy laws and regulations preclude us from rendering audit and attest services (other than internal audit services). As such, we maintain joint-referral relationships and administrative service agreements (“ASAs”) with independent licensed Certified Public Accounting (“CPA”) firms (the “CPA firms”) under which audit and attest services may be provided to our clients by such CPA firms. At December 31, 2022, we maintained ASAs with four CPA firms. Most of the members and/or stockholders of those CPA firms are also our team members, and we render services to the CPA firms as an independent contractor. One of our ASAs is with Mayer Hoffman McCann, P.C. (“Mayer Hoffman”), an independent national CPA firm headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. Mayer Hoffman has 201 stockholders. Mayer Hoffman maintains a nine member Board of Directors. There are no board members of Mayer Hoffman who hold senior officer positions at CBIZ. Our association with Mayer Hoffman offers clients access to the multi-state resources and expertise of a national CPA firm. We also have an ASA with Myers and Stauffer LC (“MSLC”), an independent national governmental health care consulting firm headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri. MSLC has fourteen equity members, all of whom are also our team members. MSLC maintains a five-member executive committee, none of whom hold senior officer positions at CBIZ. Although the ASAs do not constitute control, we are one of the beneficiaries of the agreements and may bear certain economic risks. As such, the CPA firms with which we maintain ASAs qualify as variable interest entities.
The ASAs have terms ranging up to 22 years, are renewable upon agreement by both parties, and have certain rights of extension and termination. Under these ASAs, we provide a range of services to the CPA firms, including (but not limited to): administrative functions such as office management, bookkeeping and accounting; preparing marketing and promotional materials; providing office space, computer equipment, systems support and administrative and professional staff. Services are performed in exchange for a fee. Fees earned by us under the ASAs are recorded as revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and totaled approximately $235.4 million, $174.8 million and $159.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, a majority of which is related to services rendered to privately-held clients and governmental agencies. In the event that accounts receivable and unbilled work in process become uncollectible by the CPA firms, the service fee due to us is typically reduced on a proportional basis. Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Benefits and Insurance Services
Benefits and Insurance Services provides brokerage and consulting expertise for group health benefits and property and casualty insurance in addition to retirement plan advisory and investment services, payroll, human capital management, and other related services. The leader for each service line reports to the President of Benefits and Insurance Services.
The Benefits and Insurance Services practice group maintains relationships with many different insurance carriers. We do not assume underwriting risk. Some of these carriers have compensation arrangements with us whereby some portion of payments due to the Company may be contingent upon meeting certain performance goals, or upon our providing client services that would otherwise be provided by the carriers. These compensation arrangements are provided to us as a result of our performance and expertise, and may result in enhancing our ability to access certain insurance markets and services on behalf of our clients. The aggregate compensation related to these arrangements received during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was less than 2% of consolidated CBIZ revenue for the respective periods.
National Practices
Our National Practices group provides two services: information technology focusing on managed networking and hardware services and healthcare consulting. The information technology business has been serving one client in the United States and Canada for more than 20 years.
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The healthcare consulting business, with expertise in revenue management, reimbursement optimization and managed care contracting, serves hospitals and other healthcare providers.
Revenue
Revenue by practice group for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 is provided in the table below (in thousands) along with a discussion of certain external relationships and regulatory factors that currently impact those segments.
| Year End December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Services | $ | 1,010,068 | 71.5 | % | $ | 734,026 | 66.4 | % | $ | 629,778 | 65.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefits and Insurance Services | 358,007 | 25.4 | % | 332,323 | 30.1 | % | 297,758 | 30.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| National Practices | 43,904 | 3.1 | % | 38,576 | 3.5 | % | 36,361 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total CBIZ revenue | $ | 1,411,979 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,104,925 | 100.0 | % | $ | 963,897 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Our revenue growth model includes three components: internal organic growth, cross-serving additional services to our existing clients, and strategic acquisitions.
•We capitalize on organic growth opportunities by creating value for our clients to help them achieve their goals, take advantage of their greatest opportunities or address their biggest challenges. We focus on building long-term relationships with our clients. We do this by offering our clients a personalized service experience that is backed by national resources. This approach enables our clients to access a breadth of services and depth of expertise typically not available through smaller, regional professional services providers but with a more tailored client experience than what is delivered by many national firms. Our ability to coordinate services and offer more comprehensive solutions enables us to provide additional value to our clients.
•Cross-serving provides us with the opportunity to offer and deliver multiple services to our existing clients. Cross-serving opportunities are identified by our professionals and then through internal coordination, we can offer a more comprehensive solution that may engage different business service lines. Being our clients’ preferred partner allows us the opportunity to respond to our clients’ needs with diverse and integrated services and solutions.
•From the time of our founding, we have pursued growth through strategic acquisitions. We pursue acquisitions to enter attractive geographic markets, strengthen our presence in an existing market, add services or deepen our expertise for our existing offerings, expand into higher growth industries and services niches and access top talent. Using clear criteria, we seek to identify, cultivate and pursue acquisitions of the most highly regarded, best in class financial, insurance, and advisory firms that demonstrate a desire for a greater national platform and enhanced client service capabilities, possess strong leadership, positive market reputation, cultural fit, commitment to exceptional client service, and a client base with cross-serving potential. In 2022, we completed two business acquisitions. From time to time, we divest, through sale or closure, business operations that do not contribute to our long-term objectives for growth or are not critical to our service offerings or markets. In 2022, we sold a small book of business in the Benefits and Insurance Services practice group. For further discussion regarding acquisitions and divestitures, refer to Note 18, Business Combinations, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Clients
We provide multi-disciplinary and comprehensive solutions and professional services to over 100,000 clients across 25 industries. Our client base is made up of approximately 60,000 business clients and 40,000 individual clients. Our business client base is geographically dispersed across the country and includes small, middle market, and large businesses and organizations ranging from less than 10 to more than 10,000 employees. Our largest client comprised approximately 2.4% of our consolidated revenue in 2022 and is included in the National Practices group. Management believes that the diversity of our client base helps insulate us from a downturn in a particular industry
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or geographic market. Nevertheless, economic conditions among select clients and groups of clients may have an impact on the demand for the services that we provide.
Regulation
Our operations are subject to regulation by federal, state, local and professional governing bodies. Accordingly, our business services may be impacted by legislative changes by these bodies, particularly with respect to provisions relating to payroll, benefits administration and insurance services, pension plan administration and tax and accounting. We remain abreast of regulatory changes affecting our business, as these changes often affect clients’ activities with respect to employment, taxation, benefits, and accounting. For instance, changes in income, estate, or property tax laws may require additional consultation with clients subject to these changes to assist these clients to comply with revised regulations.
We are subject to industry regulation and changes, including changes in laws, regulations, and codes of ethics governing our accounting, insurance, registered investment advisory and broker-dealer operations, as well as in other industries, the interpretation of which may impact our operations.
We are subject to certain privacy and information security laws and regulations, including, but not limited to those under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Financial Modernization Act of 1999 (the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act), the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act, and other provisions of federal and state laws which may restrict our operations and give rise to expenses related to compliance.
As a public company, we are subject to the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to reform the oversight of public company auditing, improve the quality and transparency of financial reporting by those companies and strengthen the independence of auditors.
With respect to CPA firm clients that are required to file audited financial statements with the SEC, the SEC staff views us and the CPA firms with which we have contractual relationships as a single entity in applying independence rules established by the accountancy regulators and the SEC. Accordingly, we do not hold any financial interest in an SEC-reporting attest client of an associated CPA firm, enter into any business relationship with an SEC-reporting attest client that the CPA firm performing an audit could not maintain, or sell any non-audit services to an SEC-reporting attest client that the CPA firm performing an audit could not sell, under the auditor independence limitations set out in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other professional accountancy independence standards. Applicable professional standards generally permit us to provide additional services to privately-held companies in addition to those services which may be provided to SEC-reporting attest clients of an associated CPA firm. We and the CPA firms with which we are associated have implemented policies and procedures designed to enable us and the CPA firms to maintain independence and freedom from conflicts of interest in accordance with applicable standards. Given the policies set by us on our relationships with SEC-reporting attest clients of associated CPA firms, and the limited number and size of such clients, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 independence limitations do not, and are not expected to, materially affect our revenues.
The CPA firms with which we maintain ASAs may operate as limited liability companies, limited liability partnerships or professional corporations. The firms are separate legal entities with separate governing bodies and officers. Neither the existence of the ASAs nor the providing of services thereunder constitutes control of the CPA firms by us. The Company and the CPA firms maintain their own respective liability and risk of loss in connection with the performance of their respective services. Attest services are not permitted to be performed by any individual or entity that is not licensed to do so. We are not permitted to perform audits, reviews, compilations, or other attest services, do not contract to perform them and do not provide the associated attest reports. Given this legal prohibition and course of conduct, we do not believe it is likely that we would bear the risk of litigation losses related to attest services provided by the CPA firms. Although the ASAs do not constitute control, we are one of the beneficiaries of the agreements and may bear certain economic risks. As such, the CPA firms with which we maintain ASAs qualify as variable interest entities. Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
As of December 31, 2022, we are in compliance with all governmental and professional organizations regulations relevant to the services we provide.
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Liability Insurance
We carry insurance policies, including those for commercial general liability, automobile liability, property, crime, professional liability, directors’ and officers’ liability, fiduciary liability, cyber liability, employment practices liability and workers' compensation, subject to prescribed state mandates. Excess liability coverage is carried over the underlying limits provided by the commercial general liability, directors’ and officers’ liability, professional liability, cyber liability, and automobile liability policies.
Seasonality
Core financial services (traditional tax and accounting services) are impacted by seasonality given the nature of tax season due to a heavier volume of activity during the first four months of the year. Seasonality is most evident in the quarterly earnings per share ("EPS") as most of the annual EPS is earned during the first half of the year. Like most professional service companies, a large portion of our operating costs are relatively fixed in the short term, which generally results in higher operating margins in the first half of the year.
Competition
The professional business services industry is highly fragmented and competitive. We compete with national, regional and local professional services firms including accounting and tax firms, insurance brokers, payroll advisors and consulting firms. While many of our competitors tend to be mono-line in their offerings, we offer multi-disciplinary, holistic solutions that are comprehensive and provide higher value to our clients while eliminating the need for coordination between multiple service providers. We are also embedded in local and regional markets and build meaningful relationships to foster deeper understanding of our clients’ business and industry.
We believe that our strong client relationships, breadth of professional service offerings, and depth of expertise, as well as our ability to provide national expertise on a local level give us a competitive advantage.
Human Capital
At CBIZ, our value proposition to our clients is the breadth of our services and the depth of our expertise, including our unique ability to provide multi-disciplinary, coordinated solutions that respond to the complexity and uncertainty of today’s business environment. CBIZ brings value because of the talent, expertise and commitment of the over 6,500 professionals that make up our team nationwide.
We are diligent in our efforts to attract, retain and develop talent. Recruitment is managed at the national level and supported by national and local resources based on a process that consistently and fairly utilizes best practices and various recruiting tools to source top talent. CBIZ recruiters cultivate relationships to establish strong networks of candidates, and are full life-cycle recruiters who stay with their candidates from first contact through their first 60 days as a CBIZ team member. Our recruitment team sources candidates through proactive research across multiple channels including professional associations, career websites, community organizations and social media networks, as well as schools, universities and institutions with a special emphasis on those entities that attract a diverse population.
CBIZ is an equal opportunity employer and does not discriminate in hiring or employment in accordance with the requirements of all applicable state and federal laws, including race, religion, national origin, ancestry, age, gender identity, marital status, military status, sexual orientation, disability, or medical condition. The CBIZ Human Rights Policy demonstrates our commitment to respecting human rights throughout CBIZ. We believe the protection of human rights is fundamental to conducting great business, and believe we have both the ability and responsibility to drive positive change through our culture and business practices.
CBIZ is proud of its efforts to be a learning organization that provides opportunities for education, technical training, professional development, leadership development, coaching, and mentoring at every step in a team member's career. These opportunities are offered through in-person, virtual and on-demand programs. Most recently, CBIZ expanded our mentoring program to provide opportunities to team members.
At the foundation of our culture and approach to employee experience and engagement is our core values. We recognize that our uncompromising commitment to our values starting with ‘we do the right thing’ is important to our team. CBIZ views our commitment to advancing diversity and inclusion as an extension of our core values. At CBIZ,
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diversity and inclusion are a business imperative as we strive to become an employer of choice for attracting, retaining and developing diverse talent.
CBIZ has been honored with numerous workplace awards based on feedback gathered directly from our team members. In 2022, CBIZ was awarded 84 workplace awards. A sample of the awards won include:
•2022 America’s Best Midsize Employers by Forbes – This is the fifth time we have received this award. 50,000 Americans working for businesses with at least 1,000 employees were surveyed to rate, on a scale of zero to 10, how likely they would be to recommend their employer to others. They were also asked to nominate organizations in industries outside their own.
•2022 Top Workplaces USA by Energage – This award celebrates nationally recognized companies that make the world a better place to work together by prioritizing a people-centered culture and giving employees a voice. This award is based entirely on feedback from our team members.
•Vault Accounting 50 – CBIZ ranked in the Top 10 based on survey results and feedback from those who are CPAs in Financial Services.
•Best Places to Work in Insurance – We were selected and honored for the eighth consecutive year as a “Best Places to Work in Insurance” by Business Insurance magazine based on our commitment to attracting, developing and retaining great talent through employee benefits and other programs. We were recognized for this award based on core focus areas such as leadership and planning, corporate culture, communications, work environment and overall engagement.
•2022 Best and Brightest Companies in the Nation Top 101 – For the seventh year in a row, we were honored as a “Best and Brightest Company” by National Association of Business Resources ("NABR") based on our commitment to human resource practices and employee enrichment.
•2022 Best and Brightness in Wellness – We were honored by NABR, for the sixth consecutive time, as an organization that promotes a culture of wellness.
•2022 Top Workplaces Culture Excellence Awards for Appreciation, Clue-in Leaders, Employee Value Proposition, Employee Wellbeing, Empowering Employees, Formal Training, Professional Development, Work-Life Flexibility by Energage – These second-time awards recognize outstanding organizations across business-relevant culture categories.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.
The following factors may affect our actual operating and financial results and could cause results to differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider the following information.
Risk Factors Related to Our Business and Industry
Payments on accounts receivable may be slower than expected, or amounts due on receivables or notes may not be fully collectible. Professional services firms often experience higher average accounts receivable days outstanding compared to many other industries, which may be magnified if the general economy worsens. If our collections become slower, our liquidity may be adversely impacted. We monitor the aging of receivables regularly and make assessments of the ability of customers to pay amounts due. We provide for potential bad debts and recognize additional reserves against bad debts as we deem it appropriate. Notwithstanding these measures, our customers may face unexpected circumstances that adversely impact their ability to pay their trade receivables or note obligations to us and we may face unexpected losses as a result.
We are dependent on the services of our executive officers, other key employees, and our staff, the loss of any of whom may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our success depends in large part upon the abilities and continued services of our executive officers, our business unit presidents, other key employees, and our staff members. In the course of business operations, employees may retire, resign and seek employment elsewhere, particularly in the current employment environment,
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given wage pressures and worker shortages. While most employees are bound in writing to agreements containing non-compete, non-solicit, confidentiality, and other restrictive covenants barring competitive employment, client acceptance, and solicitation of employees for a period of between one and ten years following their resignation, not all employees are subject to such restrictions, especially in jurisdictions that disfavor restrictive employment covenants. Moreover, courts outside of such jurisdictions are at times reluctant to enforce such covenants. In light of the competitive employment environment and risks related to the enforcement of restrictive covenants, we cannot assure you that we will be able to retain the services of such personnel. If we cannot retain the services of these personnel, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In order to support our growth, we intend to continue to effectively recruit, hire, train and retain additional qualified personnel. Our inability to attract and retain necessary personnel to support our growth could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Restrictions imposed by independence requirements and conflict of interest rules, as well as the nature and terms of the ASAs, may limit our ability to provide services to clients of the attest firms with which we have contractual relationships and the ability of such attest firms to provide attestation services to our clients. Restrictions imposed by independence requirements and state accountancy laws and regulations preclude us from rendering audit and other attest services (other than internal audit services). As such, we and our subsidiaries maintain joint-referral relationships and ASAs with independent licensed CPA firms under which audit and other attest services may be provided to our clients by such CPA firms. The CPA firms are owned by licensed CPAs, a vast majority of whom are employed by us.
Under these ASAs, we provide a range of services to the CPA firms, including: administrative functions such as professional staff, office management, bookkeeping, and accounting; preparing marketing and promotion materials; and providing office space, computer equipment, systems support and administrative support. Services are performed in exchange for a fee. Fees earned by us under the ASAs are recorded as revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. In the event that accounts receivable and unbilled work in process become uncollectible by the CPA firms, the service fee due to us is typically reduced on a proportional basis.
The ASAs do not provide us with control over the associated CPA firms, which are independent parties. As such, the continuation of the associations with these is subject to the terms and lengths of the various ASAs, and the ability of the parties to work cooperatively together. Our ability to provide non-attest services to clients that receive attest services from the associated CPA firms may be contingent on our ability to extend the ASAs as they expire, and the ability and willingness of the firms to retain their attest clients.
With respect to CPA firm clients that are required to file audited financial statements with the SEC, the SEC staff views us and the CPA firms with which we have contractual relationships as a single entity in applying independence rules established by the accountancy regulators and the SEC. Accordingly, we do not hold any financial interest in, nor do we enter into any business relationship with, an SEC-reporting attest client that the CPA firm performing an audit could not maintain; further, we do not provide any non-audit services to an SEC-reporting attest client that the CPA firm performing an audit could not sell under the auditor independence limitations set out in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other professional accountancy independence standards. SEC staff informed us that independence rules that apply to clients that receive attest services under SEC and Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) standards from such CPA firms would prohibit such clients from holding any common stock of CBIZ. However, applicable professional standards generally permit us to provide additional services to privately-held companies, in addition to those services which may be provided to SEC-reporting attest clients of a CPA firm. We and the CPA firms have implemented policies and procedures designed to enable us to maintain independence and freedom from conflicts of interest in accordance with applicable standards. Given the pre-existing limits set by us on our relationships with SEC-reporting attest clients of associated CPA firms, and the limited number and size of such clients, the imposition of independence limitations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SEC rule or interpretation, or PCAOB standards do not and are not expected to materially affect our revenues.
There can be no assurance that following the policies and procedures implemented by us and the CPA firms will enable us and the CPA firms to avoid circumstances that would cause us and them to lack independence from an SEC-reporting attest client; nor can there be any assurance that state, United States Government Accountability Office or United States Department of Labor accountancy authorities will not impose additional restrictions on the profession. To the extent that the CPA firms for whom we provide staffing, administrative and other services are affected, we may experience a decline in fee revenue from these businesses as well as expenses related to addressing independence concerns. To date, revenues derived from providing services in connection with attestation engagements of the attest firms performed for SEC-reporting clients have not been material.
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Our goodwill and other intangible assets could become impaired, which could lead to material non-cash charges against earnings and a material impact on our results of operations and statement of financial position. At December 31, 2022, the net carrying value of our goodwill and other intangible assets totaled $819.9 million and $131.8 million, respectively. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, we assess these assets, including client lists, to determine if there is any indication of impairment. Significant negative industry or economic trends, disruptions to our business, adverse changes resulting from new governmental regulations, divestitures and sustained market capitalization declines may result in recognition of impairments. Any impairment of goodwill or intangible assets would result in a non-cash charge against current earnings, which could lead to a material impact on our results of operations and statements of financial position.
Certain liabilities resulting from acquisitions are estimated and could lead to a material impact on our results of operations. Through our acquisition activities, we record liabilities for future contingent earnout payments that are settled in cash or through the issuance of common stock. The fair value of these liabilities is assessed on a quarterly basis and changes in assumptions used to determine the amount of the liability or a change in the fair value of our common stock could lead to an adjustment that may have a material impact, favorable or unfavorable, on our results of operations.
We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of acquisitions, or they may prove disruptive and could result in the combined business failing to meet our expectations. The success of our acquisitions will depend, in part, on our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses with current operations. If we are not able to successfully achieve this objective, the anticipated benefits of any acquisition may not be realized fully or at all or may take longer or cost more to realize than expected. The process of integrating operations may require a disproportionate amount of resources and management attention. Our management team may encounter unforeseen difficulties in managing integrations.
It is possible that the integration process could result in the loss of valuable employees, the disruption of each company’s ongoing business or inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures, practices, and policies that could adversely impact our operations. Any substantial diversion of management attention or difficulties in operating the combined business could affect our revenues and ability to achieve operational, financial and strategic objectives.
We will incur transaction, integration, and restructuring costs in connection with our acquisition program. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs in connection with our acquisition program, including fees of our attorneys, accountants, and financial advisors. If acquisitions are consummated, we expect to incur additional costs associated with transaction fees and other costs related to the acquisitions. If acquisitions are not consummated, such costs may adversely affect our revenues and ability to achieve operational, financial and strategic objectives.
Governmental regulations and interpretations are subject to changes, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. Changes in laws and regulations, or the interpretation and application thereof, could result in changes in the amount or the type of business services required by businesses and individuals, as well as our operational obligations under such legal or regulatory changes, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our operational, financial and strategic objectives. We cannot be sure that future laws and regulations will provide the same or similar opportunities for us to provide business consulting and management services to businesses and individuals, or to meet our operational, financial and strategic objectives.
Changes in the United States healthcare environment, including new healthcare legislation, may adversely affect the revenue and margins in our healthcare benefit businesses. Our employee benefits business, specifically our group health consulting and brokerage businesses, receives commissions for brokering employer-sponsored healthcare policies with insurance carriers on behalf of the client. In many cases, these commissions consist of a ratable portion of the insurance premiums on those policies, based upon a sliding scale pertaining to the dollar volume of premiums and/or the number of participants in the plan.
Changes in the healthcare environment, including, but not limited to, any legislated changes in the United States’ national healthcare system, that affect the methods by which insurance carriers remunerate brokers, could adversely impact our revenues and margins in this business. Specifically, legislation or other changes could afford our clients and their employees the ability to seek insurance coverage through other means, including, but not limited to, direct access with insurance carriers or other similar avenues, which could eliminate or adversely alter the remuneration brokers receive from insurance carriers for their services. Furthermore, statutory or regulatory changes may result in establishing alternatives to employer-sponsored healthcare insurance or replace it with government-sponsored health insurance programs. These changes could materially alter the healthcare in the
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United States and our ability to provide effective services in these areas may be substantially limited and adversely affect revenue and margins in our healthcare benefit business.
Higher rates of unemployment in the United States could result in a general reduction in the number of individuals with employer-sponsored healthcare coverage. This decline in employee participation in healthcare insurance plans at our clients could result in a reduction in the commissions we receive from insurance carriers for our brokerage services, which could have an adverse impact on revenues and margins in this business.
We are subject to risks relating to processing customer transactions for our payroll and other transaction processing businesses. The high volume of client funds and data processed by us, or by our out-sourced resources abroad, in our transaction related businesses entails risks for which we may be held liable if the accuracy or timeliness of the transactions processed is not correct. In addition, related to our payroll and employee benefits businesses, we store personal information about some of our clients and their employees for which we may be liable under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act or other governmental regulations if the security of this information is breached. We could incur significant legal expense to defend any claims against us, even those claims without merit. While we carry insurance against these potential liabilities, we cannot be certain that circumstances surrounding such an error or breach of security would be entirely reimbursed through insurance coverage. We believe we have controls and procedures in place to address our fiduciary responsibility and mitigate these risks. However, if we are not successful in managing these risks, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be harmed.
Cyber-attacks or other security breaches involving our computer systems or the systems of one or more of our vendors could materially and adversely affect our business. Our systems, like others in the industries we serve, are vulnerable to cyber security risks, and we are subject to potential disruption caused by such activities. Corporations such as ours are subject to frequent attacks on their systems. Such attacks may have various goals, from seeking confidential information to causing operational disruption. Although to date such activities have not resulted in material disruptions to our operations or, to our knowledge, a material breach of any security or confidential information, no assurance can be provided that such material disruptions or a material breach will not occur in the future. Any significant violations of data privacy could result in the loss of business, litigation, regulatory investigations, penalties, ongoing expenses related to client credit monitoring and support, and other expenses, any of which could damage our reputation and adversely affect the growth of our business. While we have deployed resources that are responsible for maintaining appropriate levels of cyber security, and while we utilize third-party technology products and services to help identify, protect, and remediate our information technology systems and infrastructure against security breaches and cyber-incidents, our responsive and precautionary measures may not be adequate or effective to prevent, identify, or mitigate attacks by hackers, foreign governments, or other actors or breaches caused by employee error, malfeasance, or other disruptions. We are also dependent on security measures that some of our third-party vendors and customers are taking to protect their own systems and infrastructures. If our third-party vendors do not maintain adequate security measures, do not require their sub-contractors to maintain adequate security measures, do not perform as anticipated and in accordance with contractual requirements, or become targets of cyber-attacks, we may experience operational difficulties and increased costs, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
We are subject to risk as it relates to software that we license from third parties. We license software from third parties, much of which is integral to our systems and our business. The licenses are generally terminable if we breach our obligations under the license agreements. If any of these relationships were terminated or if any of these parties were to cease doing business or cease to support the applications we currently utilize, we may be forced to spend significant time and money to replace the licensed software. However, we cannot assure you that the necessary replacements will be available on reasonable terms, if at all.
We could be held liable for errors and omissions. All of our business services entail an inherent risk of malpractice and other similar claims resulting from errors and omissions. Therefore, we maintain errors and omissions insurance coverage. Although we believe that our insurance coverage is adequate, we cannot be certain that actual future claims, judgments, settlements, or related legal expenses would not exceed the coverage amounts. If such judgments, settlements, or related legal expenses exceed insurance coverage by a material amount, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, we cannot be certain that the different insurance carriers which provide errors and omissions coverage for different lines of our business will not dispute their obligation to cover a particular claim. If we have a large claim, or a large number of claims, on our insurance, the rates for such insurance may increase, and amounts expended in defense or settlement of these claims prior to exhaustion of deductible or self-retention levels may become significant, but contractual arrangements with clients may constrain our ability to incorporate such increases into service fees. Insurance rate increases, disputes by carriers over coverage questions, payments by us within
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deductible or self-retention limits, as well as any underlying claims or settlement of such claims, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are not a CPA firm and we do not perform any attest services for clients. We do not maintain any ownership interest in or control over any CPA firm with which one of our subsidiaries may maintain an ASA. All of our administrative and professional staff who are provided to such CPA firms work under the sole direction, supervision and control of the particular CPA firm, and we do not control how attest work is conducted. For these reasons we do not believe we have liability to any party related to their receipt of attest services from such CPA firms. Nevertheless, from time to time we have been sued for attest work that we do not perform but which is performed by such CPA firms. While we have been successful to date in defending against such suits, it is possible that similar claims may be brought in the future. We will be required to defend against such claims, and may incur expenses related to such lawsuits and may not be successful in defending against such lawsuits. In the event that the CPA firms with which we maintain ASAs incur judgments and costs related to such suits that threaten the solvency of the CPA firms, we may incur expenditures related to such proceedings.
The business services industry is competitive and fragmented. If we are unable to compete effectively, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively impacted. We face competition from a number of sources in the business services industry. Many of our competitors are large companies that may have greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources. Our principal competitors include financial and management consulting firms, the consulting practices of major accounting firms, local and regional business services companies, independent contractors, the in-house or former in-house resources of our clients, as well as new entrants into our markets. We cannot assure you that, as our industry continues to evolve, additional competitors will not enter the industry or that our clients will not choose to conduct more of their business services internally or through alternative business services providers. Although we monitor industry trends and respond accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will be able to anticipate and successfully respond to such trends in a timely manner. We cannot be certain that we will be able to effectively compete against current and future competitors, or that competitive pressure will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Given our levels of share-based compensation, our tax rate may vary significantly depending on our stock price. We apply FASB ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation under which the tax effects of the accounting for share-based compensation may significantly impact our effective tax rate from period to period. In periods in which our stock price is higher than the grant date fair value of the share-based compensation vesting or exercises in that period, we will recognize excess tax benefits that will decrease our effective tax rate. In future periods in which our stock price is lower than the grant price of the share-based compensation vesting in that period, our effective tax rate may increase. The amount and value of share-based compensation issued relative to our earnings in a particular period will also affect the magnitude of the impact of share-based compensation on our effective tax rate. These tax effects are dependent on our stock price and exercise activity, which we do not control, and a decline in our stock price could significantly increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial results.
We may be subject to the actions of activist shareholders. Our Board of Directors and management team are committed to acting in the best interest of all of our shareholders. We value constructive input from investors and regularly engage in dialogue with our shareholders regarding strategy and performance. Activist shareholders who disagree with the composition of the Board of Directors, our strategy or management approach may seek to effect change through various strategies and channels. Responding to shareholder activism can be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, and divert the attention of management and our employees from our strategic initiatives. Activist campaigns can create perceived uncertainties as to our future direction, strategy, or leadership and may result in the loss of potential business opportunities, harm our ability to attract new employees, investors, and customers, and cause our stock price to experience periods of volatility or stagnation.
Changes in accounting policies, standards, and interpretations could materially affect how we report our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. The FASB, regulatory agencies, and other bodies that establish accounting standards periodically change the financial accounting and reporting standards governing the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Additionally, those bodies that establish and interpret the accounting standards (such as the FASB and the SEC) may change prior interpretations or positions on how these standards should be applied. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially affect how we record and report our financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. In unusual circumstances, we could be required to retroactively apply a new or revised standard, resulting in changes to previously reported financial results.
Rapid technological changes could significantly impact our competitive position, client relationships and operating results. The professional business services industry has been and continues to be impacted by significant technological changes and innovation, enabling companies to offer services competitive with ours. Those
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technological changes may (i) reduce demand for our services, (ii) enable the development of competitive products or services, or (iii) enable our current customers to reduce or bypass the use of our services. Additionally, rapid changes in artificial intelligence, block chain-based technology, automation and related innovations are increasing the competitiveness landscape. We may not be successful in anticipating or responding to these changes and demand for our services could be further reduced by advanced technologies being deployed by our competitors. The effort to gain technological expertise and develop new technologies in our business may require us to incur significant expenses. In some cases, we depend on key vendors and partners to provide technology and other support. If these third parties fail to perform their obligations or cease to work with us, our ability to execute on our strategic initiatives could be adversely affected.
Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of Greenhouse Gases could result in increased operating costs. In 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") published its findings that emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases (“GHGs”), present an endangerment to public health and the environment because emissions of such gases are, according to the EPA, contributing to the warming of the earth's atmosphere and other climate changes. These findings allow the EPA to adopt and implement regulations that would restrict emissions of GHGs under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act. The EPA has adopted two sets of regulations under the existing Clean Air Act that would require a reduction in emissions of GHGs from motor vehicles and could trigger permit review for GHG emissions from certain stationary sources. In addition, both houses of Congress have actively considered legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs, and almost one-half of the states have taken legal measures to reduce emissions of GHGs primarily through the planned development of GHG emission inventories and/or regional GHG cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade programs work by requiring either major sources of emissions or major producers of fuels to acquire and surrender emission allowances, with the number of allowances available for purchase reduced each year until the overall GHG emission reduction goal is achieved. The adoption and implementation of any regulations imposing GHG reporting obligations on, or limiting emissions of GHGs from, our equipment and operations could require us to incur costs to monitor and to reduce emissions of GHGs associated with our operations.
The widespread outbreak of a communicable illness or any other public health crisis could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may face risks related to public health threats or widespread outbreak of a communicable illness. A widespread outbreak of a communicable disease or a public health crisis could adversely affect the global and domestic economy and our business partners’ ability to conduct business in the United States for an indefinite period of time. For example, in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared a new strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) a pandemic. The global spread of COVID-19 has negatively impacted the global economy and disrupted both financial markets and international trade. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased unemployment levels and significantly impacted global supply chain. In addition, federal, state, and local governments have implemented various mitigation measures, including travel restrictions, restrictions on public gatherings, shelter-in-place restrictions, and limitations on business activities. Although we are considered an essential business, some of these actions have adversely impacted the ability of our employees, contractors, suppliers, customers, and other business partners to conduct business activities, and could ultimately do so for an indefinite period of time. This could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, and will depend on numerous factors that we may not be able to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and severity of the pandemic, governmental actions in response to the pandemic, the impact of business and economic disruptions on our clients and their demand for our services, and our clients’ ability to pay for our services.
We are reliant on information processing systems and any failure or disruptions of these systems could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our ability to provide business services depends on our capacity to store, retrieve, process and manage significant databases, and expand and upgrade periodically our information processing capabilities. Interruption or loss of our information processing capabilities through loss of stored data, breakdown or malfunctioning of computer equipment and software systems, telecommunications failure, or damage caused by extreme weather conditions, electrical power outage, geopolitical events, or other disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we have disaster recovery procedures in place and insurance to protect against such contingencies, we cannot be sure that insurance or these services will continue to be available, cover all our losses or compensate us for the possible loss of clients occurring during any period that we are unable to provide business services.
We may not be able to acquire and finance additional businesses which may limit our ability to pursue our business strategy. We acquired two businesses during 2022, and maintain a robust pipeline of potential businesses for acquisition. Strategic acquisitions are part of our growth strategy, and it is our intention to selectively acquire businesses or client lists that are complementary to existing service offerings in our target markets and/or
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new and attractive markets. However, we cannot be certain that we will be able to continue identifying appropriate acquisition candidates and acquire them on satisfactory terms, and we cannot be assured that such acquisitions, even if completed, will perform as expected or will contribute significant synergies, revenues or profits. In addition, we may also face increased competition for acquisition opportunities, which may inhibit our ability to complete transactions on terms that are favorable to us. As discussed above, there are certain provisions under the 2022 credit facility that may limit our ability to acquire additional businesses. In the event that we are not in compliance with certain covenants as specified in the 2022 credit facility, we could be restricted from making acquisitions, restricted from borrowing funds from the 2022 credit facility for other uses, or required to pay down the outstanding balance on the line of credit. However, management believes that funds available under the credit facility, along with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs, including planned acquisition activity in the foreseeable future. To the extent we are unable to find suitable acquisition candidates, an important component of our growth strategy may not be realized.
We require a significant amount of cash for interest payments on our debt and to expand our business as planned. At December 31, 2022, our debt consisted primarily of $265.7 million in principal amount outstanding under our $600 million unsecured credit facility (the “2022 credit facility” or the “credit facility”). Our debt requires us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to pay interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the funds available to use for acquisitions, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes. Our ability to make interest payments on our debt, and to fund acquisitions, will depend upon our ability to generate cash in the future. Insufficient cash flow could place us at risk of default under our debt agreements or could prevent us from expanding our business as planned. Our ability to generate cash is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations and future borrowings may not be available to us under the 2022 credit facility in an amount sufficient to enable us to fund our other liquidity needs. Volatility in interest rates from monetary policy or economic conditions could increase expenses, cause uncertainty and impact our ability to pay interest on our indebtedness. Refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, for further information regarding interest rate risk.
Terms of the 2022 credit facility may adversely affect our ability to run our business and/or reduce stockholder returns. The terms of the 2022 credit facility, as well as the guarantees of our subsidiaries, could impair our ability to operate our business effectively and may limit our ability to take advantage of business opportunities. For example, the 2022 credit facility may (i) restrict our ability to repurchase or redeem our capital stock or debt, or merge or consolidate with another entity; (ii) limit our ability to borrow additional funds or to obtain other financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, investments and general corporate purposes; (iii) limit our ability to dispose of our assets, to create liens on our assets, to extend credit or to issue dividends to our stockholders; and (iv) make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and reduce our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions.
Our failure to satisfy covenants in our debt instruments could cause a default under those instruments. Our debt instruments include a number of covenants relating to financial ratios and tests. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. The breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under these instruments. An event of default would permit our lenders and other debt holders to declare all amounts borrowed from them to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. If the lenders accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay our debt.
Risk Factors Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock
We may be more sensitive to revenue fluctuations than other companies, which could result in fluctuations in the market price of our common stock. A substantial majority of our operating expenses, such as personnel and related costs and occupancy costs, are relatively fixed in the short term. As a result, we may not be able to quickly reduce costs in response to any decrease in revenue. This factor could cause our quarterly results to be lower than expectations of securities analysts and stockholders, which could result in a decline in the price of our common stock.
The future issuance of additional shares could adversely affect the price of our common stock. Future sales or issuances of common stock, including those related to the uses described below, or the perception that sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and dilute the percentage ownership held by our stockholders. We have authorized 250.0 million shares of common stock, and have approximately 50.1 million shares of common stock outstanding at January 31, 2023. A substantial number of these shares have been issued in connection with acquisitions. As part of many acquisition transactions, shares are contractually
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restricted from sale for a one-year period, and as of January 31, 2023, approximately 12 thousand shares of our common stock were under lock-up contractual restrictions that expire by December 31, 2023. We cannot be sure when sales by holders of our stock will occur, how many shares will be sold or the effect that sales may have on the market price of our common stock.
Our principal stockholders may have substantial control over our operations. Our stockholders that beneficially own (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) significant percentages of our common stock relative to other individual stockholders may exert substantial influence over actions that require the consent of a majority of our outstanding shares, including the election of directors. Our share repurchase activities may result in increased ownership percentages of these individuals and therefore increase the influence they may exert, if they do not participate in these share repurchase transactions or otherwise dispose of their common stock.
There is volatility in our stock price. The market for our common stock has, from time to time, experienced price and volume fluctuations. Factors such as announcements of variations in our quarterly financial results and fluctuations in revenue, as well as the expectations of stockholders and securities analysts regarding the ability of our business to grow and achieve certain revenue or profitability targets, could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate significantly. In addition, the stock market in general has experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of companies such as ours. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the price of our stock, regardless of our operating performance.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
Our corporate headquarters are located at 6801 Brecksville Road, Door N, Independence, Ohio 44131, in leased premises. We lease more than 120 offices in 33 states and the District of Columbia and believe that our current facilities are sufficient for our current needs.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
Refer to Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information on legal proceedings, which is incorporated by reference herein.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.
Market Information for Common Stock - Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the trading symbol “CBZ.”
Holders of Record - The number of holders of our common stock based on record ownership as of December 31, 2022 was approximately 2,287.
Dividends - Historically, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock. Refer to Note 9, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information relating to restrictions on declaring or making dividend payments under our 2022 credit facility.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities - During the year ended December 31, 2022, we issued approximately 107 thousand shares of our common stock as payment for contingent consideration for current year and previous acquisitions. The above referenced shares were issued in transactions not involving a public offering in reliance on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The persons to whom the shares were issued had access to full information about the Company and represented that they acquired the shares for their own account and not for the purpose of distribution. The certificates for the shares contain a restrictive legend advising that the shares may not be offered for sale, sold, or otherwise transferred without having first been registered under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from the Securities Act.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities - Shares repurchased during the three months ended December 31, 2022 (reported on a trade-date basis) are summarized in the table below (in thousands, except per share data). Average price paid per share includes fees and commissions.
| Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fourth Quarter Purchases | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1 – October 31, 2022 | 451 | $ | 45.91 | 451 | 3,046 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1 – November 30, 2022 | 434 | $ | 48.40 | 434 | 2,612 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| December 1 – December 31, 2022 | 265 | $ | 49.31 | 265 | 2,347 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 1,150 | $ | 47.63 | 1,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Refer to Note 13, Common Stock, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for future discussion on the Share Repurchase Program.
Performance Graph - The graph below matches the cumulative five-year total return of holders of CBIZ, Inc.’s common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S&P 500 index, the Russell 2000 index and a customized peer group of five companies that includes: Brown & Brown, Inc., H & R Block, Inc., Paychex, Inc., Resources Connection, Inc. and Willis Towers Watson Plc. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common stock, in each index, and in the peer group (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100 on December 31, 2017 and tracks it through December 31, 2022.
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COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among CBIZ, Inc., the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 2000 Index, and a Peer Group
*$100 invested on December 31, 2017 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends.
Fiscal year ending December 31.
Copyright© 2023 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.
Copyright© 2023 Russell Investment Group. All rights reserved.
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CBIZ, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 127.51 | $ | 174.50 | $ | 172.23 | $ | 253.20 | $ | 303.24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 | 100.00 | 95.62 | 125.72 | 148.85 | 191.58 | 156.89 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Russell 2000 | 100.00 | 88.99 | 111.70 | 134.00 | 153.85 | 122.41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Peer Group | 100.00 | 101.41 | 134.23 | 146.25 | 201.24 | 189.00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations relates to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical information, this discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks,
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uncertainties and assumptions, which could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Please see the sections of this report entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” This section generally discusses the results of operations for fiscal year 2022 compared to fiscal year 2021. For discussion related to the results of operations and changes in financial conditions for fiscal year 2021 compared to fiscal year 2020 refer to Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 as filed SEC on February 25, 2022.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Financial Year in Review - Revenue of $1,412.0 million in 2022 grew $307.1 million, or 27.8%, from revenue of $1,104.9 million in 2021. Same-unit revenue increased by $119.9 million, or 10.9%, while acquisitions, net of divestitures, contributed $187.2 million to revenue, or 16.9%. A detailed discussion of revenue by practice group is included under “Operating Practice Groups.” Income from continuing operations in 2022 increased $34.5 million, or 48.7%, to $105.4 million from $70.9 million in 2021. Refer to “Results of Operations - Continuing Operations” for a detailed discussion of the components of income from continuing operations. Earnings per diluted share from continuing operations were $2.01 in 2022, compared to $1.32 in 2021, with a fully diluted weighted average share count of 52.4 million shares in 2022, compared to 53.7 million shares in 2021.
Strategic Use of Capital - Our first priority for the use of capital is to make strategic acquisitions. We completed the following two acquisitions in 2022:
◦Effective January 1, 2022, we acquired all of the non-attest assets of Marks Paneth LLP ("Marks Paneth"). Marks Paneth, based in New York City, is a provider of a full range of accounting, tax and consulting services to a wide range of industries. Marks Paneth is included as a component of our Financial Services practice group. Mayer Hoffman, with whom we maintain an ASA, acquired the attest assets from Marks Paneth in a separate transaction. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.
◦Effective July 1, 2022, we acquired substantially all the assets of Stinnett & Associates, LLC ("Stinnett"). Stinnett, located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, is a professional advisory firm and certified Women's Business Enterprise providing internal audit, Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, cybersecurity reviews, business continuity and disaster recovery, and fraud investigations to businesses of all sizes including Fortune 1000 organizations in a variety of industries. Operating results are reported in the Financial Services practice group.
Refer to Note 18, Business Combinations, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion on acquisitions.
We also have the financing flexibility and the capacity to actively repurchase shares of our common stock. We believe that repurchasing shares of our common stock is a prudent use of our financial resources, and that investing in our stock is an attractive use of capital and an efficient means to provide value to our shareholders. On February 7, 2023, the CBIZ Board of Directors authorized the purchase of up to 5.0 million shares of our common stock under our Share Repurchase Program (the “Share Repurchase Program”), which may be suspended or discontinued at any time and expires on March 31, 2024. The shares may be purchased (i) in the open market, (ii) in privately negotiated transactions, or (iii) under Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, which may include purchases from our employees, officers and directors, in accordance with SEC rules. CBIZ management will determine the timing and amount of the transaction based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors.
Pursuant to previously authorized share repurchase programs, we repurchased 2.8 million shares of our common stock in the open market at a total cost of approximately $122.8 million in 2022 and 3.0 million shares at a total cost of approximately $96.4 million in 2021. Refer to Note 13, Common Stock, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the Share Repurchase Program.
Recent Accomplishments and Other Events
Workplace Awards - In 2022, we were honored and recognized for 84 various national and local market awards. A sample of the awards won include:
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•2022 America’s Best Midsize Employers by Forbes – This was the fifth time we have received this award. 50,000 Americans working for businesses with at least 1,000 employees were surveyed to rate, on a scale of zero to 10, how likely they would be to recommend their employer to others. They were also asked to nominate organizations in industries outside their own.
•2022 Top Workplaces USA by Energage – This award celebrates nationally recognized companies that make the world a better place to work together by prioritizing a people-centered culture and giving employees a voice. This award is based entirely on feedback from our team members.
•Vault Accounting 50 – CBIZ ranked in the Top 10 based on survey results and feedback from those who are CPAs in Financial Services.
•Best Places to Work in Insurance – We were selected and honored for the eighth consecutive year as a “Best Places to Work in Insurance” by Business Insurance magazine based on our commitment to attracting, developing and retaining great talent through employee benefits and other programs. We were recognized for this award based on core focus areas such as leadership and planning, corporate culture, communications, work environment and overall engagement.
•2022 Best and Brightest Companies in the Nation Top 101 – For the seventh year in a row, we were honored as a “Best and Brightest Company” by NABR based on our commitment to human resource practices and employee enrichment.
•2022 Best and Brightness in Wellness – We were honored by NABR, for the sixth consecutive time, as an organization that promotes a culture of wellness.
•2022 Top Workplaces Culture Excellence Awards for Appreciation, Clue-in Leaders, Employee Value Proposition, Employee Wellbeing, Empowering Employees, Formal Training, Professional Development, Work-Life Flexibility by Energage – These second-time awards recognize outstanding organizations across business-relevant culture categories.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS - CONTINUING OPERATIONS
We provide professional business services that help clients manage their finances and employees. We deliver our integrated services through the following three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. A description of these groups’ operating results and factors affecting their businesses is provided below.
Same-unit revenue represents total revenue adjusted to reflect comparable periods of activity for acquisitions and divestitures. For example, for a business acquired on July 1, 2021, revenue for the period January 1, 2022 through June 30, 2022 would be reported as revenue from acquired businesses whereas revenue for the periods from July 1 through December 31 of both years would be reported as same-unit revenue. Divested operations represent operations that did not meet the criteria for treatment as discontinued operations. Those businesses that have met the requirements to be treated as a discontinued operation are eliminated from continuing operations for all periods presented below.
Revenue
The following table summarizes total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | Percent | 2021 | Percent | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Services | $ | 1,010,068 | 71.5 | % | $ | 734,026 | 66.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Benefits and Insurance Services | 358,007 | 25.4 | % | 332,323 | 30.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| National Practices | 43,904 | 3.1 | % | 38,576 | 3.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Total CBIZ revenue | $ | 1,411,979 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,104,925 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||
A detailed discussion of same-unit revenue by practice group is included under “Operating Practice Groups.”
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Non-qualified Deferred Compensation Plan - We sponsor a non-qualified deferred compensation plan ("NQDCP"), under which a CBIZ employee’s compensation deferral is held in a rabbi trust and invested accordingly as directed by the employee. Income and expenses related to the deferred compensation plan are included in “Operating expenses,” “Gross margin” and “Corporate General & Administrative expenses” and are directly offset by deferred compensation gains or losses in “Other (expense) income, net” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The deferred compensation plan has no impact on “Income from continuing operations before income tax expense” or diluted earnings per share from continuing operations.
Income and expenses related to the deferred compensation plan for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Operating (income) expenses | $ | (17,252) | $ | 17,317 | |||||||
| Corporate general and administrative (income) expenses | $ | (2,393) | $ | 2,168 | |||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | $ | (19,645) | $ | 19,485 | |||||||
Excluding the impact of the above-mentioned income and expenses related to the deferred compensation plan, the operating results for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As Reported | NQDCP | Adjusted | % of Revenue | As Reported | NQDCP | Adjusted | % of Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | $ | 223,367 | $ | (17,252) | $ | 206,115 | 14.6 | % | $ | 159,290 | $ | 17,317 | $ | 176,607 | 16.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 168,344 | (19,645) | 148,699 | 10.5 | % | 72,672 | 19,485 | 92,157 | 8.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | (19,225) | 19,645 | 420 | — | % | 18,241 | (19,485) | (1,244) | (0.1) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations before income tax expense | 141,493 | — | 141,493 | 10.0 | % | 93,040 | — | 93,040 | 8.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses
The following table presents our operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Operating expenses | $ | 1,188,612 | $ | 945,635 | |||||||
| Operating expenses % of revenue | 84.2 | % | 85.6 | % | |||||||
| Operating expenses excluding deferred compensation | $ | 1,205,864 | $ | 928,318 | |||||||
| Operating expenses excluding deferred compensation % of revenue | 85.4 | % | 84.0 | % | |||||||
Our operating expenses increased by $243.0 million. Operating expense as a percentage of revenue improved to 84.2% of revenue in 2022 as compared to 85.6% of revenue for the prior year. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan decreased operating expenses by $17.3 million in 2022, but increased operating expense by $17.3 million in 2021. Excluding the impact of the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which was recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes, operating expenses would have been $1,205.9 million, or 85.4% of revenue, in 2022 compared to $928.3 million, or 84.0% of revenue, in 2021.
The majority of our operating expenses relate to personnel costs, which includes (i) salaries and benefits, (ii) commissions paid to producers (iii) incentive compensation and (iv) share-based compensation. Excluding the impact of non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which was recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes, operating expense increased by approximately $277.5 million in 2022 as compared to 2021.
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Operating expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 included approximately $9.2 million non-recurring integration and retention costs related to the Marks Paneth acquisition. The increase in operating costs was driven by $224.9 million higher personnel cost (of which acquisitions contributed approximately $139.5 million), $12.2 million higher travel and entertainment costs, $12.1 million higher facility costs, $9.3 million higher computer and technology related costs, $5.6 million higher depreciation and amortization expense, $4.9 million higher professional fees, as well as $2.0 million higher marketing expense. Other discretionary spending increased by approximately $6.5 million to support the growth in business activities. Personnel costs and other operating expenses are discussed in further detail under “Operating Practice Groups.”
Corporate General & Administrative Expenses
The following table presents our Corporate General & Administrative (“G&A”) expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| G&A expenses | $ | 55,023 | $ | 56,150 | |||||||
| G&A expenses % of revenue | 3.9 | % | 5.1 | % | |||||||
| G&A expenses excluding deferred compensation | $ | 57,416 | $ | 53,982 | |||||||
| G&A expenses excluding deferred compensation % of revenue | 4.1 | % | 4.9 | % | |||||||
Our G&A expenses decreased by approximately $1.1 million, or 2.0%, in 2022 compared to 2021, and decreased to 3.9% of revenue from 5.1% of revenue for the prior year. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan decreased G&A expenses by $2.4 million in 2022, and increased G&A expenses by $2.2 million in 2021. Excluding the impact of the deferred compensation plan, which was recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes, G&A expenses would have been $57.4 million, or 4.1% of revenue, in 2022 compared to $54.0 million, or 4.9% of revenue, in 2021. Excluding the impact of the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, which was recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment purposes, G&A expense increased by $3.4 million in 2022 as compared to prior year, attributable to $3.0 million higher personnel costs, a $1.3 million non-recurring transaction and integration costs related to the Marks Paneth acquisition, $0.8 million higher travel and entertainment costs, $0.5 million higher marketing expense, offset by $2.2 million lower legal costs as compared to 2021.
Legal Settlement, net
On June 24, 2021, we reached a settlement agreement with University of Pittsburgh Medical Center pertaining a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, we paid a total settlement amount of $41.5 million and recorded a settlement loss of $30.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021.
Other (Expense) Income, net
The following table presents our Other (expense) income, net for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | (8,039) | $ | (3,868) | |||||||
| Gain on sale of operations, net | 413 | 5,995 | |||||||||
Other (expense) income, net (1) | (19,225) | 18,241 | |||||||||
| Total other (expense) income, net | $ | (26,851) | $ | 20,368 | |||||||
(1)Other (expense) income, net includes a net loss of $19.6 million in 2022 and a net gain of $19.5 million in 2021, associated with the value of investments held in a rabbi trust related to the deferred compensation plan, which was recorded in "Corporate and Other" for segment reporting purposes. The adjustments to the investments held in a rabbi trust related to the deferred compensation plan are offset by a corresponding increase or decrease to compensation expense, which is recorded as “Operating expenses” and “G&A expenses” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The deferred compensation plan has no impact on “Income from continuing operations before income tax expense” or diluted earnings per share from continuing operations.
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Interest Expense - Our primary financing arrangement is the 2022 credit facility. Interest expense was $8.0 million in 2022, compared to $3.9 million in 2021. Our average debt balance and weighted average interest rate was $267.0 million and 2.67%, respectively, in 2022, compared to $161.0 million and 1.88%, respectively, in 2021. Our debt is further discussed in Note 9, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Gain on Sale of Operations, net - During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, we recorded approximately $0.4 million additional gain related to a previously sold business as additional contingent proceeds were received. During the same period in 2021, we sold a small book of business and a business unit in the Benefit and Insurance practice group during 2021. Total proceeds from the sales were $9.7 million and net gain from such sales were approximately $6.0 million.
Other (Expense) Income, net - The majority of “Other (expense) income, net” consists of net gains and losses associated with the value of the non-qualified deferred compensation plan as discussed above, net adjustments to the fair value of our contingent purchase price liability related to prior acquisitions, as well as gains or losses related to the sale of assets. Other expense of $19.2 million in 2022 included a $19.6 million net loss related to the deferred compensation plan and $2.4 million net increase to the fair value of the contingent purchase price liability, partially offset by a $2.4 million gain related to the sale of a book of business as well as $0.4 million other miscellaneous income. Other income of $18.2 million in 2021 consisted of a net gain of $19.5 million related to the deferred compensation plan, partially offset by $2.4 million net increase to the fair value of the contingent purchase price liability due to $3.1 million net present value adjustment and $0.6 million stock price adjustment.
Income Tax Expense
The following table presents our income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Income tax expense | $ | 36,121 | $ | 22,129 | |||||||
| Effective tax rate | 25.5 | % | 23.8 | % | |||||||
The increase in income tax expense from 2021 to 2022 was primarily driven by higher pre-tax income. The increase in the effective tax rate from 2021 to 2022 was primarily due to a higher state effective tax rate and higher non-deductible expenses in 2022 compared to 2021.
GAAP RECONCILIATION
Income from Continuing Operations to Non-GAAP Financial Measure (1)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | $ | 105,372 | $ | 70,911 | |||||||
| Interest expense | 8,039 | 3,868 | |||||||||
| Income tax expense | 36,121 | 22,129 | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of operations, net | (413) | (5,995) | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets, net | (2,391) | — | |||||||||
| Legal settlement, net | — | 30,468 | |||||||||
Transaction costs related to Marks Paneth (2) | 1,329 | — | |||||||||
Integration and retention costs related to Marks Paneth (2) | 9,191 | — | |||||||||
| Depreciation | 11,231 | 10,781 | |||||||||
| Amortization | 21,664 | 16,297 | |||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 190,143 | $ | 148,459 | |||||||
(1)We report our financial results in accordance with GAAP. This table reconciles Adjusted EBITDA, a Non-GAAP financial measure to the nearest GAAP financial measure, “Income from continuing operations.” Adjusted EBITDA is not defined by GAAP, is not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles, and should not be considered in isolation from, or regarded as an alternative or replacement to, any measurement of performance or cash flow under GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is commonly used by us, our shareholders, and debt holders to evaluate, assess, and benchmark our operating results and to provide an additional
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measure with respect to our ability to meet future debt obligations. Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should be considered alongside our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP.
(2)These costs include, but are not limited to, certain consulting, technology, personnel, as well as other first year operating and general administrative costs that are non-recurring in nature.
Operating Practice Groups
We deliver our integrated services through three practice groups: Financial Services, Benefits and Insurance Services and National Practices. A description of these groups’ operating results and factors affecting their businesses is provided below.
Financial Services
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same-unit | $ | 821,109 | $ | 734,026 | $ | 87,083 | 11.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Acquired businesses | 188,959 | — | 188,959 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 1,010,068 | 734,026 | 276,042 | 37.6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 850,038 | 608,238 | 241,800 | 39.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin / Operating income | $ | 160,030 | $ | 125,788 | $ | 34,242 | 27.2 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | 682 | (26) | $ | 708 | N/M | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations before income tax expense | $ | 160,712 | $ | 125,762 | $ | 34,950 | 27.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin percentage | 15.8 | % | 17.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
The Financial Services practice group revenue in 2022 grew by 37.6% to $1,010.1 million from $734.0 million in 2021. Same-unit revenue grew by $87.1 million, or 11.9%, across all service lines, driven by a $50.4 million increase from those units that provide traditional accounting and tax-related services, a $20.7 million increase in government healthcare compliance business, as well as a $16.0 million increase from those units that provide project-oriented advisory services. The impact of the acquired businesses, net of divestitures, contributed $189.0 million or 18.7%, of 2022 revenue. We provide a range of services to affiliated CPA firms under ASAs. Fees earned under the ASAs are recorded as revenue in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and were $235.4 million and $174.8 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Operating expenses increased by $241.8 million in 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily as a result of $183.1 million, or 35.6%, in higher personnel costs, of which acquisitions contributed approximately $139.5 million to the increase. Compared to the same period in 2021, facility costs, depreciation and amortization expenses, computer and technology related costs, professional services, recruiting, as well as marketing costs increased by $12.6 million, $6.7 million, $6.3 million, $4.9 million, $2.4 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, primarily due to the Marks Paneth acquisition. In addition, travel and entertainment costs increased by $8.0 million and other discretionary costs increased by approximately $16.7 million to support the business growth as well as the operation activities returning to the pre-pandemic level. Operating expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 84.2% in 2022 from 82.9% in 2021 primarily due to higher depreciation and amortization expenses and other fixed costs as a result of the Marks Paneth acquisition.
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Benefits and Insurance Services
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Same-unit | $ | 358,007 | $ | 330,580 | $ | 27,427 | 8.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Divested operation | — | 1,743 | (1,743) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | 358,007 | 332,323 | 25,684 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 290,387 | 271,650 | 18,737 | 6.9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin / Operating income | $ | 67,620 | $ | 60,673 | $ | 6,947 | 11.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | $ | 2,386 | $ | 7,111 | $ | (4,725) | N/M | ||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations before income tax expenses | $ | 70,006 | $ | 67,784 | $ | 2,222 | 3.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin percentage | 18.9 | % | 18.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
The Benefits and Insurance Services practice group revenue in 2022 grew by 7.7% to $358.0 million from $332.3 million in 2021. Same-unit revenue increased by $27.4 million, or 8.3% in 2022 when compared to the same period in 2021. The increase was across all service lines, particularly driven by $10.4 million increase in employee benefit and retirement benefit services lines, $10.1 million increase in property and casualty services, $2.8 million in payroll related services, as well as $4.5 million increase in other project-based services.
Operating expenses increased by $18.7 million in 2022 as compared to 2021, primarily driven by $16.1 million, or 7.7%, higher personnel costs, such as the timing and amount of annual merit increases, bonus accruals, and investment in new sales producers. Compared to 2021, travel and entertainment costs, computer and technology related costs, marketing and recruiting related costs, as well as direct costs increased by approximately $2.0 million, $0.9 million, $0.8 million, and $0.6 million respectively. In addition, other discretionary operating costs increased by approximately $1.1 million to support the business growth. The increase was offset by approximately $2.8 million decrease in bad debt expense primarily attributed to a $2.1 million direct write-off of certain commission receivables deemed uncollectible in 2021 which did not recur in 2022. Operating expense as a percentage of revenue decreased to 81.1% in 2022 from 81.7% in 2021.
National Practices
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||
| Same-unit | $ | 43,904 | $ | 38,576 | |||||||
| Operating expenses | 39,201 | 34,494 | |||||||||
| Gross margin / Operating income | $ | 4,703 | $ | 4,082 | |||||||
| Total other income, net | $ | 10 | $ | 3 | |||||||
| Income from continuing operations before income tax expenses | $ | 4,713 | $ | 4,085 | |||||||
| Gross margin percentage | 10.7 | % | 10.6 | % | |||||||
Revenue growth in this practice group was primarily driven by our cost-plus contract with a single client, which has existed since 1999. The cost-plus contract is a five-year contract with the most recent renewal through December 31, 2023. Revenues from this single client accounted for approximately 75% of the National Practice group’s revenue. Operating expenses have increased mainly due to an increase in salaries and benefits.
Corporate and Other
Corporate and Other are operating expenses that are not directly allocated to the individual business units. These expenses primarily consist of certain health care costs, gains or losses attributable to assets held in our non-
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qualified deferred compensation plan, stock-based compensation, consolidation and integration charges, certain professional fees, certain advertising costs and other various expenses.
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Amounts in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | $ | 8,986 | $ | 31,253 | $ | (22,267) | (71.2) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate general and administrative expenses | 55,023 | 56,150 | $ | (1,127) | (2.0) | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlement, net | — | 30,468 | $ | (30,468) | N/M | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating loss | $ | (64,009) | $ | (117,871) | $ | 53,862 | (45.7) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total other (expense) income, net | (29,929) | 13,280 | $ | (43,209) | N/M | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (93,938) | $ | (104,591) | $ | 10,653 | (10.2) | % | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses decreased by $22.3 million, or 71.2% in 2022 as compared to 2021. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan decreased operating expenses by $17.3 million in 2022, and increased operating expenses by $17.3 million in 2021. Excluding the non-qualified deferred compensation expenses, operating expense increased by approximately $12.3 million, driven by $10.4 million higher personnel costs due to increased healthcare costs and the headcount impact from the Marks Paneth acquisition. In addition, other operating costs, such as facility cost and marketing cost, increased by approximately $1.9 million to support business growth.
Total corporate general and administrative expenses decreased by $1.1 million, or 2.0% in 2022, as compared to 2021. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan increased corporate general and administrative expenses by $2.4 million in 2022, but decreased corporate general and administrative expenses by $2.2 million in 2021. Excluding the impact of the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, corporate general and administrative expenses increased by $3.4 million in 2022 as compared to the prior year, attributable to $3.0 million higher personnel costs, a $1.3 million non-recurring transaction and integration costs related to the Marks Paneth acquisition, $0.8 million higher travel and entertainment costs, $0.5 million higher marketing expense, offset by $2.2 million lower legal costs as compared to 2021.
On June 24, 2021, we reached a settlement agreement with University of Pittsburgh Medical Center pertaining a lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, we paid a total settlement amount of $41.5 million and recorded a settlement loss of $30.5 million in 2021.
Total other (expense) income, net increased by $43.2 million to $29.9 million of expense from a net income of $13.3 million in 2021. Total other (expense) income, net includes a net loss of $19.6 million and a net gain of $19.5 million associated with the non-qualified deferred compensation plan in 2022 and 2021, respectively. Excluding the impact of the non-qualified deferred compensation plan, total other income, net would have been an expense of $10.3 million in 2022 and an expense of $6.2 million in 2021, a net increase in expense of approximately $4.1 million. The increase was driven by $4.2 million higher interest expense due to higher average debt balance as well as higher weighted average effective interest rate experienced in 2022 as compared to 2021, offset by $0.1 million decrease in other miscellaneous expenses.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following table is derived from our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 126,132 | $ | 131,154 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (99,118) | (82,010) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (17,343) | (69,005) | |||||||||
We generate strong cash flows from operations and have access to a $600.0 million credit facility, which enables us to fund investments and operating projects that are designed to optimize shareholder return. Cash flows from
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operations and available capital resources allow us to make strategic acquisitions, repurchase shares of our common stock when accretive to shareholders, meet working capital needs, and service our debt. Generally, we maintain low levels of cash and apply any available cash to pay down our outstanding debt balance. Due to the seasonal nature of the Financial Services practice group’s accounting and tax services in the first four months of the fiscal year, we historically generate much of our cash flows during the last three quarters of the fiscal year.
Our working capital management primarily relates to trade accounts receivable, accounts payable, incentive-based compensation and other assets, which consists of other receivables and prepaid assets typically related to activities in the normal course of our business operations. At any specific point in time, working capital is subject to many variables, including seasonality and the timing of cash receipts and payments, most notably in the timing of insurance premiums to the carriers within our Benefits and Insurance practice group. We have restricted cash on deposit from clients in connection with the pass-through of insurance premiums to the carrier with the related liability for these funds recorded in “Accounts payable” in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Accounts receivable balances increase in response to the increase in revenue generated by the Financial Services practice group during the first four months of the year. A significant amount of this revenue is billed and collected in subsequent quarters. Days sales outstanding (“DSO”) from continuing operations represent accounts receivable and unbilled revenue (net of realization adjustments) at the end of the period, divided by trailing twelve months' daily revenue. DSO was 74 days as of December 31, 2022 and 71 days as of December 31, 2021. We provide DSO data because such data is commonly used as a performance measure by analysts and investors and as a measure of our ability to collect on receivables in a timely manner.
Cash Provided by Operating Activities
2022 compared to 2021 - Cash provided by operating activities was $126.1 million during 2022, contributed to net income of $105.4 million and certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expense of $32.9 million, share-based compensation expense of $14.7 million, deferred income tax of $13.9 million, bad debt expense of $1.2 million, adjustment to the fair value of contingent purchase consideration of $2.4 million, as well as $42.0 million of cash generated from working capital management.
Cash provided by operating activities was $131.2 million during 2021, primarily contributed to net income of $70.9 million and certain non-cash items, such as depreciation and amortization expense of $27.1 million, share-based compensation expense of $11.4 million, deferred income tax of $9.2 million, bad debt expense of $3.1 million, adjustment to the fair value of contingent purchase consideration of $2.4 million, as well as $13.3 million of cash generated from working capital management.
The $5.0 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities in 2022 as compared to 2021 was primarily due to a net decrease of $55.3 million in cash generated from working capital of which approximately $44.1 million was attributable to the increase in use of cash to fund accounts receivable as a result of higher revenue, $20.3 million was attributable the change in other assets and other liabilities primarily due to $15.5 million cash used to make deferred FICA taxes payments and payment for other prepaid assets to support business activities, offset by approximately $11.1 million increase in cash generated from operating activities attributable to higher accounts payable to support growing business activities. The $55.3 million decrease in cash generated from operating activities was offset by approximately $50.3 million inflow of cash primarily driven by $34.5 million higher net income as well as $15.8 million cash inflow from non-cash items such as higher depreciation and amortization costs, higher deferred tax expenses, higher stock-based compensation costs, as well as lower gain on sale of operations and assets.
Investing Activities
The majority of our investing activities relate to acquisitions, capital expenditures and net activity related to funds held for clients. Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 18, Business Combinations, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion on our acquisitions and a further description of funds held for clients and client fund obligations.
2022 - Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 consisted of $79.1 million related to business acquisitions, $8.6 million in capital expenditures, $7.4 million net purchase of client funds, $7.0 million payments of working capital adjustments related to previously completed acquisitions, offset by $3.0 million proceeds received from the sale of a small book of business in the Benefit and Insurance practice group.
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2021 - Net cash used in investing activities in 2021 consisted primarily of $66.7 million related to business acquisitions, $12.1 million net purchase of client funds, and $9.0 million in capital expenditures, offset by $9.7 million proceeds from the sale of one book of business in the Benefit and Insurance practice group.
Financing Activities
The majority of our financing activities relate to our 2022 credit facility, share repurchases, net client fund obligation activity, as well as contingent consideration payments for prior acquisitions. Refer to Note 9, Debt and Financing Arrangements, and Note 13, Common Stock, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion on our 2022 credit facility and Share Repurchase Program.
2022 - Net cash used in financing activities in 2022 consisted of $129.8 million of share repurchases, $21.2 million of contingent consideration payments for prior acquisitions and $2.1 million paid as deferred financing costs related to the 2022 credit facility, partially offset by a net increase of $15.4 million in client fund obligations, $10.0 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $110.4 million net proceeds from borrowings under our 2022 credit facility.
2021 - Net cash used in financing activities in 2021 consisted of $100.5 million of share repurchases, a net decrease of $8.9 million in client fund obligations, and $14.1 million of contingent consideration payments for prior acquisitions, partially offset by $7.3 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $47.3 million net proceeds from borrowings under our 2018 credit facility.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
The following table presents our capital structure (in thousands):
| December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Bank debt | $ | 265,700 | $ | 155,300 | |||||||
| Stockholders' equity | 713,452 | 704,548 | |||||||||
| Total capital | $ | 979,152 | $ | 859,848 | |||||||
Credit Facility - Our primary financing arrangement is the $600.0 million unsecured credit facility, by and among CBIZ Operations, Inc., CBIZ, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and bank, and other participating banks, which provides us with the capital necessary to meet our working capital needs as well as the flexibility to continue with our strategic initiatives, including business acquisitions and share repurchases, and matures in 2027. At December 31, 2022, we had $265.7 million outstanding under the credit facility, as well as letters of credit and license bonds totaling $7.3 million. Available funds under the credit facility, based on the terms of the commitment, were approximately $319.9 million at December 31, 2022. The weighted average interest rate under the credit facility was 2.67% in 2022 and 1.88% in 2021. The credit facility allows for the allocation of funds for future strategic initiatives, including acquisitions and the repurchase of our common stock, subject to the terms and conditions of the credit facility.
Debt Covenant Compliance - We are required to meet certain financial covenants with respect to (i) total leverage ratio and (ii) interest coverage ratio. We were in compliance with our covenants as of December 31, 2022. Our ability to service our debt and to fund future strategic initiatives will depend upon our ability to generate cash in the future. For further discussion regarding the 2022 credit facility, refer to Note 9, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Use of Capital - Our first priority for the use of capital is to make strategic acquisitions. We completed two business acquisitions in 2022. Refer to Note 18, Business Combinations, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion on acquisitions. We also have the financing flexibility and the capacity to actively repurchase shares of our common stock in the open market. We believe that repurchasing shares of our common stock is a prudent use of our financial resources, and that investing in our stock is an attractive use of capital and an efficient means to provide value to our shareholders. We repurchased 2.8 million shares of our common stock in the open market at a total cost of approximately $122.8 million in 2022 and 3.0 million shares at a total cost of approximately $96.4 million in 2021. Refer to Note 13, Common Stock, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion on the Share Repurchase Program.
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Cash Requirements for 2023 - Cash requirements for 2023 will include acquisitions, interest payments on debt, seasonal working capital requirements, contingent earnout payments for previous acquisitions, share repurchases and capital expenditures. We believe that cash provided by operations, as well as available funds under the 2022 credit facility will be sufficient to meet cash requirements for the next 12 months.
OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements - We maintain ASAs with independent CPA firms (as described more fully under “Business - Financial Services” and in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements), which qualify as variable interest entities. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not reflect the operations or accounts of variable interest entities as the impact is not material to the consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows of CBIZ.
We provide letters of credit for insurance needs as well as to landlords (lessors) of our leased premises in lieu of cash security deposits. Letters of credit totaled $5.0 million and $3.4 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021. In addition, we provide license bonds to various state agencies to meet certain licensing requirements. The amount of license bonds outstanding was $2.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021.
We have various agreements under which we may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which we customarily agree to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations, warranties, covenants or agreements, related to matters such as title to assets sold and certain tax matters. Payment by us under such indemnification clauses are generally conditioned upon the other party making a claim. Such claims are typically subject to challenge by us and to dispute resolution procedures specified in the particular contract. Further, our obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of time and/or amount and, in some instances, we may have recourse against third parties for certain payments made by us. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of our obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, we have not made any payments under these agreements that have been material individually or in the aggregate. As of December 31, 2022, we were not aware of any obligations arising under indemnification agreements that would require material payments.
Interest Rate Risk Management - We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure associated with our floating-rate debt under the credit facility. Under these interest rate swap contracts, we receive cash flows from counterparties at variable rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) and pay the counterparties a fixed rate. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, we only enter into contracts with selected major financial institutions with investment grade ratings and continually assess their creditworthiness. There are no credit risk-related contingent features in our interest rate swaps nor do the swaps contain provisions under which we would be required to post collateral.
As of December 31, 2022, the notional value of all of our interest rate swaps was $115.0 million, with maturity dates ranging from June, 2023 to August, 2027. For further details on our interest rate swaps, refer to Note 6, Financial Instruments, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
In connection with payroll services provided to clients, we collect funds from our clients’ accounts in advance of paying these client obligations. These funds held for clients are segregated and invested in accordance with our investment policy, which requires that all investments carry an investment grade rating at the time of initial investment. The interest income on these investments mitigates the interest rate risk for the borrowing costs of the 2022 credit facility, as the rates on both the investments and the outstanding borrowings against the credit facility are based on market conditions. Refer to Note 6, Financial Instruments, and Note 9, Debt and Financing Arrangements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding investments and our debt and financing arrangements.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP is based on the selection and application of accounting policies that require us to make significant estimates and assumptions that in certain circumstances affect amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In preparing these financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the consolidated financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be critical to the understanding of our consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from our estimates and assumptions, and any such difference could be material to our consolidated financial statements. Significant accounting policies, including Revenue Recognition, are described more fully in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Accounts Receivable and Notes Receivable - We determine the net amount expected to be collected on our accounts receivable, both billed and unbilled, and notes receivable, based on a combination of factors, including but not limited to our historical incurred loss experience, credit-worthiness of our clients, the age of the receivable balance, current economic conditions that may affect a client's ability to pay, and current and projected economic trends and conditions at the balance sheet date. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts for each accounting period. Material differences may result if facts and circumstances change in relation to the original estimation.
Business Combinations - We recognize and measure identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date at fair value. Fair value measurements require extensive use of estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows to be generated by the acquired assets. In addition, we recognize and measure contingent consideration at fair value as of the acquisition date using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow model. The fair value of contingent consideration obligations that are classified as liabilities are reassessed each reporting period. Any change in the fair value estimate is recorded in the earnings of that period.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill represents the difference between the purchase price of the acquired business and the related fair value of the net assets acquired. A significant portion of our assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets is goodwill. At December 31, 2022, the carrying value of goodwill totaled $819.9 million, compared to total assets of $1.9 billion and total shareholders’ equity of $713.5 million. Intangible assets consist of identifiable intangibles other than goodwill. Identifiable intangible assets other than goodwill include client lists and non-compete agreements, which require significant judgments in determining the fair value. We carry client lists and non-compete agreements at cost, less accumulated amortization, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter. In addition to our annual goodwill test, on a periodic basis, we are required to consider whether it is more likely than not (defined as a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value has fallen below its carrying value, thus requiring us to perform an interim goodwill impairment test. Intangible assets with definite lives, such as client lists and non-compete agreements, are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives (generally ranging from two to fifteen years). We review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable. Recoverability is assessed based on a comparison of the undiscounted cash flows to the recorded value of the asset. If impairment is indicated, the asset is written down to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow analysis or market comparable method.
The goodwill impairment test is performed at a reporting unit level. A reporting unit is an operating segment of a business or one level below an operating segment. At December 31, 2022, we had five reporting units. We may use either a qualitative or quantitative approach when testing a reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment. Under the qualitative assessment, we are not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless we determine that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. If under the quantitative assessment the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the amount of the impairment loss, if any, must be measured. Any such impairment charge would reduce earnings and could be material.
After considering changes to assumptions used in our most recent quantitative testing for each reporting unit, including the capital market environment, economic and market conditions, industry competition and trends, our weighted average cost of capital, changes in management and key personnel, the price of our common stock, changes in our results of operations, the magnitude of the excess of fair value over the carrying amount of each reporting unit as determined in our most recent quantitative testing, and other factors, we concluded that it was
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more likely than not that the fair values of each of our reporting units were more than their respective carrying values and, therefore, did not perform a quantitative impairment analysis. For further information regarding our goodwill balances, refer to Note 5, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Loss Contingencies - Loss contingencies, including litigation claims, are recorded as liabilities when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. Contingent liabilities are often resolved over long time periods. Estimating probable losses requires analysis that often depends on judgment about potential actions by third parties. Refer to Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information.
Other Significant Policies - Other significant accounting policies, not involving the same level of management judgment and uncertainty as those discussed above, are also critical in understanding the consolidated financial statements. Those policies are described in Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements - Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
We do not purchase or hold any derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We utilize interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk exposure associated with our floating-rate debt under the credit facility. Under these interest rate swap contracts, we receive cash flows from counterparties at variable rates based on SOFR and pay the counterparties a fixed rate. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, we only enter into contracts with selected major financial institutions with investment grade ratings and continually assess their creditworthiness. There are no credit risk-related contingent features in our interest rate swaps nor do the swaps contain provisions under which we would be required to post collateral.
The notional value, fixed rate of interest and expiration date of each interest rate swap is (i) $15.0 million – 2.571% – June, 2023, (ii) $50.0 million – 0.834% – April, 2025, (iii) $30.0 million – 1.186% – December, 2026, and (iv) $20.0 million – 2.450% – August, 2027. Refer to Note 6, Financial Instruments, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding interest rate swaps.
Interest rate risk results when the maturity or repricing intervals of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities are different. A change in the Federal Funds Rate, or the reference rate set by Bank of America, N.A., would affect the rate at which we could borrow funds under the 2022 credit facility. Our balance outstanding under the 2022 credit facility at December 31, 2022 was $265.7 million, of which $150.7 million is subject to rate risk. If market rates were to increase or decrease 100 basis points from the levels at December 31, 2022, interest expense would increase or decrease approximately $1.5 million annually.
In connection with our payroll business, funds held for clients are segregated and invested in short-term investments, such as corporate and municipal bonds. In accordance with our investment policy, all investments carry an investment grade rating at the time of the initial investment. At each respective balance sheet date, these investments are adjusted to fair value with fair value adjustments being recorded to other comprehensive income or loss for the respective period. Refer to Notes 6, Financial Instruments, and Note 7, Fair Value Measurements, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding these investments and the related fair value assessments.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
The Financial Statements, together with the notes thereto and the report of KPMG LLP dated February 24, 2023 thereon, and the Supplementary Data required hereunder, are included in this Annual Report as set forth in Item 15(a) hereof and are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
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None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures - Management has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (“Disclosure Controls”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation (“Controls Evaluation”) was done with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”). Disclosure Controls are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure Controls include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls - Management, including the Company’s CEO and CFO, does not expect that its Disclosure Controls or its internal control over financial reporting (“Internal Controls”) will prevent all errors and all fraud. Although our Disclosure Controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objective, a control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the objectives of a control system are met. Further, any control system reflects limitations on resources, and the benefits of a control system must be considered relative to its costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of a control. A design of a control system is also based upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.
Conclusions - Based upon the Controls Evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Disclosure Controls are effective at the reasonable assurance level described above. There were no changes in our Internal Controls that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our Internal Controls.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting - Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision of management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework provided in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.
Management has excluded from the scope of its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, the operations and related assets of Marks Paneth LLP and Stinnett & Associates, LLC, which were acquired on January 1, 2022 and July 1, 2022, respectively. The aggregated total assets and revenue from Marks Paneth LLP and Stinnett & Associates, LLC were $95.4 million and $148.1 million, which represents approximately 5.1% and 10.5% of our respective consolidated total assets and total revenue as of December 31, 2022.
Our independent auditor, KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting which appears in Item 8 of this Annual Report.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION.
None.
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ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE.
Information with respect to this item not included below is incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of CBIZ’s fiscal year.
We have adopted a Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics Guide that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Professional Conduct and Ethics Guide is available on the investor information page of our website, located at https://www.cbiz.com, and in print to any shareholder who requests them. Any waiver or amendment to the code will be posted on our website.
Information about our Executive Officers, Directors and Key Employees - The following table sets forth certain information regarding the directors, executive officers and certain key employees of CBIZ. Each executive officer and director of CBIZ named in the following table has been elected to serve until his/her successor is duly appointed or elected or until his/her earlier removal or resignation from office. No arrangement or understanding exists between any executive officer of CBIZ and any other person pursuant to which he or she was selected as an officer.
| Name | Age | Position(s) | ||||||
| Executive Officers and Directors: | ||||||||
Rick L. Burdick (2)(3) | 71 | Chairman | ||||||
| Jerome P. Grisko, Jr. | 61 | President & Chief Executive Officer, Director | ||||||
Michael H. DeGroote (2) | 62 | Director | ||||||
Joseph S. DiMartino (2)(3) | 79 | Director | ||||||
Gina D. France (1)(2) | 64 | Director | ||||||
Sherrill W. Hudson (1)(3) | 79 | Director | ||||||
Todd J. Slotkin (1)(3) | 69 | Director | ||||||
A. Haag Sherman (1) | 57 | Director | ||||||
Richard T. Marabito (1) | 59 | Director | ||||||
Benaree Pratt Wiley (2)(3) | 76 | Director | ||||||
| Rodney A. Young | 67 | Director | ||||||
| Ware H. Grove | 72 | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||
| Chris Spurio | 57 | President, Financial Services | ||||||
| Michael P. Kouzelos | 54 | President, Benefits and Insurance Services | ||||||
| Other Key Employees: | ||||||||
| Michael W. Gleespen | 64 | Secretary and General Counsel | ||||||
| John A. Fleischer | 61 | Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer | ||||||
| Mark M. Waxman | 64 | Senior Vice President and Chief Marketing Officer | ||||||
(1)Member of Audit Committee
(2)Member of Nominating & Governance Committee
(3)Member of Compensation & Human Capital Committee
Rick L. Burdick has served as a Director of CBIZ since October 1997, when he was elected as an independent director. On August 11, 2022, Mr. Burdick was appointed by the Board as its independent Chairman of the Board. Previously, in May 2007, Mr. Burdick was elected by the Board as its Lead Director, a non-officer position, and in October 2002, he was elected by the Board as Vice Chairman, a non-officer position. Mr. Burdick was a Partner at
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the law firm of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP, and was a Partner in the firm from 1988 until his retirement in 2019. Mr. Burdick serves a non-executive Chairman on the Board of Directors of AutoNation, Inc.
Jerome P. Grisko, Jr. was appointed to the CBIZ Board in November, 2015. Mr. Grisko was appointed Chief Executive Officer in March 2016, and has served as President since February 2000. He was also Chief Operating Officer from February 2000 until his appointment as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Grisko joined CBIZ as Vice President, Mergers & Acquisitions in September 1998 and was promoted to Senior Vice President, Mergers & Acquisitions and Legal Affairs in December of 1998. Prior to joining CBIZ, Mr. Grisko was associated with the law firm of Baker & Hostetler LLP, where he practiced from September 1987 until September 1998, serving as a partner of such firm from January 1995 to September 1998. While at Baker & Hostetler, Mr. Grisko concentrated his practice in the area of mergers and acquisitions and general corporate law.
Michael H. DeGroote, son of CBIZ founder Michael G. DeGroote, was appointed a Director of CBIZ in November 2006. Mr. DeGroote currently serves as President of Westbury International, a full-service real estate development company, specializing in commercial/industrial land, residential development and property management. Prior to joining Westbury, Mr. DeGroote was Vice President of MGD Holdings and previously held a management position with Cooper Corporation, and previously served on the Board of Directors of Progressive Waste Solutions Ltd. He served on the Board of Governors of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
Joseph S. DiMartino has served as a Director of CBIZ since November 1997, when he was elected as an independent director. Mr. DiMartino has been Chairman of the Boards of the funds in the BNY Mellon Corporation (formerly The Dreyfus Corporation) since January 1995. Mr. DiMartino served as President, Chief Operating Officer and Director of The Dreyfus Corporation from October 1982 until December 1994 and also served as a director of Mellon Bank Corporation.
Gina D. France was appointed to the CBIZ Board in February, 2015. Ms. France founded France Strategic Partners, LLC, a strategy and transaction advisory firm, and has served as its President and Chief Executive Officer since 2003. Ms. France has over 40 years of experience in strategy, investment banking and corporate finance. Prior to founding France Strategic Partners, Ms. France was a Managing Director with Ernst & Young, LLP and directed the Firm’s Center for Strategic Transactions. Prior to her work with Ernst & Young, Ms. France was a Senior Vice President with Lehman Brothers, Inc. Ms. France serves on the boards of Huntington Bancshares, Inc., Cedar Fair, L.P. and on the boards of the BNY Mellon Family of Funds. Ms. France has previously served on the boards of FirstMerit Corporation, Dawn Food Products, Inc. and Mack Industries.
Sherrill W. Hudson was appointed to the CBIZ Board in February, 2015. Until July 2016, upon the sale of the Company, Mr. Hudson was Chairman of the Board of TECO Energy, Inc. and was a member of its board since January 2003. He was executive chairman from August 2010 to December 2012, after having served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since July 2004. Mr. Hudson also serves on the boards of Lennar Corporation and United Insurance Holdings Corporation. He served on the Publix Super Markets, Inc. board from January 2003 until April 2015. Mr. Hudson is also Chairman Emeritus of the Florida Chapter of the National Association of Corporate Directors. Mr. Hudson retired from Deloitte & Touche, LLP in August 2002, after 37 years of service.
Todd J. Slotkin has served as a Director of CBIZ since September 2003, when he was elected as an independent director. Mr. Slotkin is President & COO of KMP Music LLC, a music publishing firm. He was a Senior Advisor at Alvarez & Marsal from 2020 to 2021, and between 2014 and 2020 he served as the Global Business Head of Alvarez & Marsal’s Asset Management Services. Mr. Slotkin is also an independent director of the Apollo Closed End Fund Complex (Apollo Floating Rate Fund, Apollo Tactical Income Fund). In 2011, Mr. Slotkin was appointed the Managing Partner of Newton Pointe LLC, an advisory firm, a position he also held during the period 2007-2008. Mr. Slotkin served on the Board of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia from 2008 to 2012, and was head of its Audit Committee and Special Committee. Between 2008 and 2010, Mr. Slotkin was a Senior Managing Director of Irving Place Capital. From 2006 to 2007 Mr. Slotkin served as a Managing Director of Natixis Capital Markets. From 1992 to 2006, Mr. Slotkin served as a SVP (1992-1998) and EVP and Chief Financial Officer (1998-2006) of MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc. Additionally, he was the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of publicly owned M&F Worldwide (1998-2006). Prior to 1992, Mr. Slotkin spent 17 years with Citigroup, ultimately serving as Senior Managing Director and Senior Credit Officer. He was the Global Head of Citigroup’s Leveraged Capital Group. Mr. Slotkin is a co-founder of the Food Allergy Research & Education, Inc., formerly known as the Food Allergy Initiative.
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A. Haag Sherman has served as a Director of CBIZ since August 2020, when he was elected as an independent director. Mr. Sherman has served as the Chief Executive Officer and a director of Tectonic Financial, Inc. (and its predecessor), a banking and financial holding company with a preferred stock quoted on Nasdaq Global Markets, since February 2015. Prior thereto, Mr. Sherman co-founded Salient Partners, LP, a Houston-based investment firm, in 2002 and served in various executive positions, including Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, through October 2011. In addition, he previously served as an executive officer and partner of The Redstone Companies from 1998 to 2002 where he, among other things, managed a private equity portfolio. Mr. Sherman has served as a director of Hilltop Holdings, Inc. since its acquisition of PlainsCapital Corporation in November 2012. He previously served as a director of PlainsCapital from September 2009 to November 2012. Mr. Sherman has served as an adjunct professor of law at The University of Texas School of Law. Mr. Sherman previously practiced corporate law at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP from 1992 to 1996 and was an auditor at Price Waterhouse, a public accounting firm, from 1988 to 1989. Mr. Sherman is an attorney and certified public accountant.
Richard T. Marabito has served as a Director of CBIZ since August 2021, when he was appointed as an independent director. Mr. Marabito is Chief Executive Officer of Olympic Steel, a national metals service center headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio that focuses on the direct sale of processed carbon, coated and stainless flat-rolled sheet, coil and plate steel, aluminum, tin plate, and metal-intensive branded products. Mr. Marabito became CEO in 2019 after serving as the Chief Financial Officer. He joined the company in 1994 as Corporate Controller. He is also the Chairman of the Metal Services Center Institute (MSCI) and has also served on the Board of Trustees for the University of Mount Union since 2021. He served on the Board of Directors and as Audit Committee Chairman for Hawk Corporation from 2008 until the company’s sale in November 2010. Mr. Marabito has served on numerous non-profit boards over the course of his career including as Chair of the Northeast Ohio Regional Board for the Make-A-Wish Foundation.
Benaree Pratt Wiley has served as a Director of CBIZ since May 2008, when she was elected as an independent director. Ms. Wiley is a Principal of The Wiley Group, a firm specializing in personnel strategy, talent management, and leadership development primarily for global insurance and consulting firms. Ms. Wiley served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of The Partnership, Inc., a talent management organization for multicultural professionals in the greater Boston region for fifteen years before retiring in 2005. Ms. Wiley is currently a director on the boards of the BNY Mellon Family of Funds and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts. Her civic activities include serving on the boards of the Efficacy Institute, Howard University Dress for Success Boston, Partners Continuing Care and Spaulding Hospital.
Rodney A. Young has served as a Director since February 6, 2023, when he was appointed as an independent director. Mr. Young is the Chief Executive Officer of Delta Dental of Minnesota, one of the nation's largest oral health insurance companies. Mr. Young has held this role since 2012. Prior to joining Delta Dental of Minnesota, Mr. Young was the Chief Executive Officer and President of Angeion Corporation (now MGC Diagnostics Corporation), a public medical technology cardio-pulmonary diagnostic and consumer health management company. Mr. Young also previously held the Chair for the Board of Directors, Director, Chief Executive Officer and President roles for LecTec Corporation, a public disposable medical products and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals company. Mr. Young currently serves as a Board Director and the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Committee Chair of the Minnesota Business Partnership. Mr. Young received The Sanneh Foundation's Business Honoree Award in 2019 in recognition of his business leadership and community impact.
Ware H. Grove has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of CBIZ since December 2000. Before joining CBIZ, Mr. Grove served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Bridgestreet Accommodations, Inc., which he joined in early 2000 to restructure financing, develop strategic operating alternatives, and assist with merger negotiations. Prior to joining Bridgestreet, Mr. Grove served for three years as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of LESCO, Inc. Since beginning his career in corporate finance in 1972, Mr. Grove has held various financial positions with large companies representing a variety of industries, including Revco D.S., Inc., Computerland/Vanstar, Manville Corporation, The Upjohn Company, and First of America Bank. Mr. Grove served on the Board of Directors for Applica, Inc. (NYSE: APN) from September 2004 through January 2007, at which time the company was sold to a private equity firm.
Chris Spurio was appointed Senior Vice President of CBIZ and President of CBIZ’s Financial Services practice group, effective January 1, 2014. Mr. Spurio joined CBIZ in January 1998 and served as Corporate Controller until July 1999. He then served as Vice President of Finance from July 1999 until September 2008. Mr. Spurio served as Executive Managing Director of the Financial Services Group’s Midwest Region from September 2008 through March 2010, and as the Group’s Chief Operating Officer from March 2010 through December 2013. Mr. Spurio was
36
associated with KPMG LLP, an international accounting firm, from July 1988 to January 1998. Mr. Spurio is a CPA, CGMA and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants.
Michael P. Kouzelos joined CBIZ in June 1998 and has held several positions in the Company. He was appointed President of the Benefits & Insurance practice group in May 2015, and was appointed Senior Vice President of Strategic Initiatives in September 2005. Mr. Kouzelos also served as the Chief Operating Officer of the Benefits & Insurance division between April 2007 and May 2015, as Vice President of Strategic Initiatives from April 2001 through August 2005, as Vice President of Shared Services from August 2000 to March 2001, and as Director of Business Integration from June 1998 to July 2000. Mr. Kouzelos was associated with KPMG LLP, an international accounting firm, from 1990 to September 1996 and received his Master of Business Administration degree from The Ohio State University in May of 1998.
Other Key Employees:
Michael W. Gleespen has served as Corporate Secretary since April 2001 and General Counsel since June 2001. Mr. Gleespen is an attorney and has served as CBIZ’s Vice President of Regulatory Compliance and Accountancy Compliance Officer and Technical Director since February 1998. Prior to joining CBIZ, Mr. Gleespen was an Assistant Ohio Attorney General in the Business & Government Regulation Section and the Court of Claims Defense Section from 1988 until 1998, during which time he was counsel to the Ohio Accountancy Board, the Ohio State Teachers Retirement System and represented many other state departments and agencies. Mr. Gleespen also held the post of Associate Attorney General for Pension, Disability and Annuity Plans and was the Co-Chairman of the Public Pension Plan Working Group.
John A. Fleischer has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer of CBIZ since August 2014. Prior to joining CBIZ, Mr. Fleischer held CIO roles at TTT Holdings (a Talisman Capital Partners company), Ferro Corporation, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, and T-Systems. Prior to these, he held senior IT roles at Volkswagen and Federal-Mogul Corporation. While at T-Systems, Mr. Fleischer also ran the U.S. consulting practice, which provided IT services to clients in a variety of industries. He began his career as a commissioned officer in the United States Army and served twelve years on active duty in numerous roles, which included directing large-scale systems development and integration projects in communications and computing. He is a Distinguished Military Graduate of Princeton University and received his Master of Business Administration degree from The Ohio State University. Mr. Fleischer serves on the Board of Trustees of the Lakeside Chautauqua Association.
Mark M. Waxman has served as Chief Marketing Officer since 2001. Mr. Waxman has over thirty years of experience in marketing and branding. Prior to joining CBIZ, he was Chief Executive Officer/Creative Director of one of Silicon Valley’s most well-known advertising agencies, Carter Waxman. He was also a founding partner of SK Consulting (acquired by CBIZ in 1998) providing strategic marketing and branding services to a wide range of companies and industries. Mr. Waxman has been a featured marketing columnist and contributor to many business and trade publications, and currently serves on the Advisory Board of several Silicon Valley start-ups. He serves on the Board of Silicon Valley Creates, the Institute of Contemporary Art and the West Valley Mission Foundation. He has served as the Chairman of the Board for organizations including the Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce, Artsopolis.com, the Silicon Valley Ad Club, and The San Jose Repertory Theatre.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
Information with respect to this item is incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
Information with respect to this item is incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE.
37
Information with respect to this item is incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES.
Our independent registered public accounting firm is KPMG LLP , Cleveland, OH , Auditor Firm ID:185 .
Information with respect to this item is incorporated by reference from our Definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Stockholders’ Meeting to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year.
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS.
(a)The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report or incorporated by reference:
1. Financial Statements.
As to financial statements and supplementary information, reference is made to “Index to Financial Statements” on page F-1 of this Annual Report.
2. Exhibits.
The following documents are filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K. Since its incorporation, CBIZ has operated under various names including: Republic Environmental Systems, Inc.; International Alliance Services, Inc.; Century Business Services, Inc.; and CBIZ, Inc. Exhibits listed below refer to these names collectively as the “Company”.
| Exhibit No. | Description | ||||||||||
| Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 333-197284, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, effective August 1, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, File No. 000-25890, dated March 16, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 333-197284, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company dated November 1, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-32961, dated November 1, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Form of Stock Certificate of Common Stock of the Company (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Annual Report Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998, File No. 000-25890, dated March 4, 1999, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Employee Stock Investment Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Report on Form S-8, File No. 000-333-62148, dated June 1, 2001, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Annual Report Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, File No. 001-32961, dated February 26, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
38
| 2002 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, File No. 000-25890, dated April 1, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| CBIZ, Inc. 2002 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (Amended and Restated as of May 12, 2011), (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-32961, dated August 9, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| 2014 Stock Incentive Plan and 2002 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Form S-8, dated July 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Consulting Agreement by and between the Company and Steven L. Gerard, dated March 9, 2016 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-32961, dated March 3, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Jerome P. Grisko, Jr., dated September 1, 2016 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-32961, dated September 8, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and between the Company and Ware H. Grove, dated March 30, 2017 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-32961, dated April 4, 2017, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Loan Agreement dated as of August 16, 2018 by and among CBIZ Benefits and Insurance, Inc. and The Huntington Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-32961, on November 1, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated May 4,2022, by and among CBIZ Operations, Inc., CBIZ, Inc., and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other financial institutions from time to time party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-32961, on May 6, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| 2019 CBIZ, Inc. Omnibus Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, File No. 333-197284, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| First Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated August 8, 2019, by and among CBIZ Benefit and Insurance, Inc. and the Huntington National Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-32961, on November 1, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| Second Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated August 6, 2020, by and among CBIZ Benefit and Insurance, Inc. and the Huntington National Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-32961, on November 1, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
Third Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated August 5, 2021, by and among CBIZ Benefit and Insurance, Inc. and the Huntington National Bank (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, File No. 001-32961, on October 29, 2021, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
Fourth Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated August 1, 2022, by and among CBIZ Benefit and Insurance, Inc. and the Huntington National Bank. | |||||||||||
39
| Purchase Agreement, dated January 6, 2022, among CBIZ, Inc., CBIZ Acquisition 42, LLC, Marks Paneth LLP and all of the individuals who are equity partners of Marks Paneth (filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Report on Form 8-K, File No. 001-32961, dated January 10, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference). | |||||||||||
| List of Subsidiaries of CBIZ, Inc. | |||||||||||
| Consent of KPMG LLP | |||||||||||
| Powers of attorney (included on the signature page hereto). | |||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||||||
| Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |||||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document- the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document* | ||||||||||
| 101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document* | ||||||||||
| 101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document* | ||||||||||
| 101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document* | ||||||||||
| 101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document* | ||||||||||
| 101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document* | ||||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in the Exhibit 101 attachments)* | ||||||||||
______________________________________________________
* Indicates documents filed herewith.
** Indicates documents furnished herewith.
† Management contract or compensatory plan contract or arrangement filed pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K.
40
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| CBIZ, INC. | ||||||||
| (REGISTRANT) | ||||||||
| By | /s/ WARE H. GROVE | |||||||
| Ware H. Grove | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| February 24, 2023 | ||||||||
KNOW ALL MEN AND WOMEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each person whose signature appears below on this Annual Report hereby constitutes and appoints Jerome P. Grisko, Jr. and Ware H. Grove, and each of them, with full power to act without the other, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution for him and her and his and her name, place and stead, in all capacities (until revoked in writing), to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report of CBIZ, Inc. and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each attorney-in-fact and agent, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, thereby ratifying and confirming all that each attorney-in-fact and agent, or their or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
41
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated above.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ JEROME P. GRISKO, JR. | President & Chief Executive Officer, Director (Principal Executive Officer) | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Jerome P. Grisko, Jr. | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ WARE H. GROVE | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Ware H. Grove | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ RICK L. BURDICK | Chairman | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Rick L. Burdick | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ MICHAEL H. DE GROOTE | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Michael H. DeGroote | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ JOSEPH S. DI MARTINO | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Joseph S. DiMartino | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ GINA D. FRANCE | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Gina D. France | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ SHERRILL W. HUDSON | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Sherrill W. Hudson | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ TODD J. SLOTKIN | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Todd J. Slotkin | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ A. HAAG SHERMAN | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
A.Haag Sherman | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ RICHARD T. MARABITO | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
Richard T. Marabito | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ BENAREE PRATT WILEY | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Benaree Pratt Wiley | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ RODNEY A. YOUNG | Director | February 24, 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Rodney A. Young | ||||||||||||||
42
CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
CBIZ, Inc.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CBIZ, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
The Company acquired Marks Paneth LLP and Stinnett & Associates, LLC during 2022, and management excluded from its assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, Marks Paneth LLP and Stinnett & Associates, LLC’s internal control over financial reporting associated with total assets of $95.4 million and total revenues of $148.1 million included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Marks Paneth LLP and Stinnett & Associates, LLC.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
F-2
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Estimation of losses on certain trade accounts receivable
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses on trade accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2022, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $20.8 million, a portion of which related to the Financial Services practice group. The allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded based on the Company’s historical experience, client credit-worthiness, age of receivables, and economic trends and conditions.
We have identified the evaluation of the Company’s estimation of losses related to trade accounts receivable of the Financial Services practice group as a critical audit matter. A high degree of subjective auditor judgment was required to assess the assumptions used in estimating losses related to trade accounts receivable. The assumptions included the probability of the Company’s collection of receivables based on historical experience and the consideration of economic conditions that may affect the ability of clients to pay.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address the critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s process to develop the assumptions used to estimate losses related to trade accounts receivable. On a total and per unit basis, we calculated certain key performance indicators using the allowance for doubtful accounts and compared them to our established expectations based on the Company’s historical experience. For any results which were outside the established expectations, we performed the following additional procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the allowance for doubtful accounts determined by the Company:
•we inquired of relevant Company personnel
•we evaluated the Company’s cash collections, historical trends, and age of receivables
• we evaluated industry, economic, and other external factors as applicable
• we inspected relevant underlying documents, including contractual documents with clients.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1996.
Cleveland, Ohio
February 24, 2023
F-3
CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, 2022 AND 2021
(In thousands, except per share data)
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets before funds held for clients | |||||||||||
| Funds held for clients | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Non-current assets: | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Assets of deferred compensation plan | |||||||||||
| Right-of-use asset, net | |||||||||||
| Other non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Total non-current assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued personnel costs | |||||||||||
| Contingent purchase price liability | |||||||||||
| Lease liability | |||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities before client fund obligations | |||||||||||
| Client fund obligations | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Non-current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Bank debt | |||||||||||
| Debt issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total long-term debt | |||||||||||
| Income taxes payable | |||||||||||
| Deferred income taxes, net | |||||||||||
| Deferred compensation plan obligations | |||||||||||
| Contingent purchase price liability | |||||||||||
| Lease liability | |||||||||||
| Other non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
Common stock, par value $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Retained earnings | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
F-4
CBIZ, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022, 2021 AND 2020
(In thousands, except per share data)
| 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | |||||||||||||||||
| Corporate general and administrative expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlement, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income: | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Gain (loss) on sale of operations, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total other (expense) income, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations before income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | |||||||||||||||||
| Income from continuing operations | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations of discontinued operations, net of tax | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per share: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic: | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Discontinued operations | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Diluted: | |||||||||||||||||
| Continuing operations | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Discontinued operations | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Basic weighted average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of income tax benefit of $ | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||